Green Algae as Carriers Enhance the Bioavailability of C-14-Labeled Few-Layer Graphene to Freshwater Snails
Green Algae as Carriers Enhance the Bioavailability of C-14-Labeled Few-Layer Graphene to Freshwater Snails
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绿藻作为载体增强 C-14 标记的少层石墨烯对淡水蜗牛的生物利用度
DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.7b05796
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Xing Baoshan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Su Yu;Tong Xin;Huang Chi;Chen Jiani;Liu Sijin;Gao Shixiang;Mao Liang;Xing Baoshan
石墨烯在水中暴露于生态受体受到了广泛关注;然而，人们对食物对石墨烯生物累积潜力的贡献知之甚少。我们研究了藻类食物对14 C标记的少层石墨烯（FLG）在淡水蜗牛（亚洲人最喜欢的食物）中的吸收和分布的影响。在纯水系统中，FLG（~ 158 μg/L）被钉螺摄入并蓄积。向水中添加藻类显著增强了蜗牛中FLG的积累，生物积累系数为2.7（48小时接触）。大约92.5%的累积FLG保留在肠道中;特别是，肠道中累积的FLG能够穿过肠壁并进入肠道上皮细胞。其中，1.3%随后被转移/内化到肝脏/肝细胞，这是在没有藻类的情况下没有观察到的过程。表征数据进一步表明，藻中的胞外和胞内FLG（藻结合分数为30.2%）都显著有助于生物积累。我们的研究结果提供了第一个证据表明，藻类作为载体提高FLG生物利用度的蜗牛，以及FLG暴露于人类通过食用污染的蜗牛的潜力。
The waterborne exposure of graphene to ecological receptors has received much attention; however, little is known about the contribution of food to the bioaccumulation potential of graphene. We investigated the effect of algal food on the uptake and distribution of14C-labeled few-layer graphene (FLG) in freshwater snails, a favorite food for Asian people. In a water-only system, FLG (∼158 μg/L) was ingested by and accumulated in the snails. Adding algae to the water significantly enhanced FLG accumulation in the snails, with a bioaccumulation factor of 2.7 (48 h exposure). Approximately 92.5% of the accumulated FLG was retained in the intestine; in particular, the accumulated FLG in the intestine was able to pass through the intestinal wall and enter the intestinal epithelial cells. Of them, 1.3% was subsequently transferred/internalized to the liver/hepatocytes, a process that was not observed in the absence of the algae. Characterizations data further suggested that both of the extra- and intracellular FLG in the algae (the algae-bound fraction was 30.2%) significantly contributed to the bioaccumulation. Our results provide the first evidence that algae as carriers enhanced FLG bioavailability to the snails, as well as the potential of FLG exposure to human beings through consuming the contaminated snails.