Extraction and purification of squalene from Amaranthus grain
Extraction and purification of squalene from Amaranthus grain
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DOI：
10.1021/jf010918p
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发表时间：
2002-01-16
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Corke, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
He, HP;Cai, YZ;Corke, H
谷物苋菜被认为是替代海洋动物作为角鲨烯的天然来源。测定了4个籽粒苋菜品种11个基因型的油脂含量、角鲨烯含量和脂肪酸谱。尽管苋菜籽粒含油量较低（三色苋菜为5.1%，cruentus为7.7%），但其总脂质中角鲨烯的含量较高，从细粒苋菜的3.6%到三色苋菜的6.1%不等。苋菜油中主要脂肪酸为棕榈酸（19.1 ~ 23.4%）、油酸（18.7 ~ 38.9%）和亚油酸（36.7 ~ 55.9%）。苋菜油具有较高的不饱和度，S/U比值为0.26 ~ 0.32。研究了从苋菜油中分离纯化角鲨烯的方法。K112皂化后，通过去除皂化物，使原油中角鲨烯含量由4.2%提高到43.3%。用硅胶柱层析法对未皂化物进行分离，得到高纯度的角鲨烯。某些部位的角鲨烯纯度高达98%。将富含角鲨烯的馏分组合得到94%的角鲨烯浓缩物，产率为90%。通过与标准品的紫外光谱和核磁共振光谱的比较，确定了纯化样品中角鲨烯的结构。
Grain amaranth has been suggested as an alternative to marine animals as a natural source of squalene. Oil contents, squalene contents, and fatty acid profiles were determined in 11 genotypes of four grain amaranth species. Although the oil contents of grain amaranth were low (from 5.1% in Amaranthus tricolor to 7.7% in Amaranthus cruentus) as compared to other oil-containing grains, high concentrations of squalene were found in total lipids, ranging from 3.6% in Amaranthus hypochondriacus to 6.1% in A. tricolor. The major fatty acids in Amaranthus oil consisted of palmitic acid (19.1-23.4%), oleic acid (18.7-38.9%), and linoleic acid (36.7-55.9%). A high degree of unsaturation was observed in Amaranthus oils, with S/U ratios of 0.26-0.32. A method to isolate and purify the squalene from Amaranthus oil was developed. After the saponification of K112, the squalene content increased from 4.2% in the crude oil to 43.3% in the unsaponifiables by the removal of the saponifiables. The unsaponifiables were fractionated by silica gel column chromatography to get highly purified squalene. The squalene purity in certain fractions was as high as 98%. Combining the fractions rich in squalene gave a 94% squalene concentrate, with a yield of 90%. The structure of squalene in the purified sample was confirmed by comparison of its ultraviolet spectrum with a standard and from its nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.