Nitrate, nitrite and volatile N-nitroso compounds in the urine of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni infected patients.
Nitrate, nitrite and volatile N-nitroso compounds in the urine of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni infected patients.
复制标题
埃及血吸虫和曼氏血吸虫感染患者尿液中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和挥发性N-亚硝基化合物。
作者：
M. H. Mostafa;S. Helmi;A. Badawi;A. Tricker;B. Spiegelhalder;R. Preussmann
本研究提出，第一次，硝酸盐，亚硝酸盐和挥发性N-亚硝基化合物在埃及血吸虫和曼氏血吸虫感染患者的唾液和尿液样本的量。从埃及尼罗河三角洲地区感染埃及血吸虫（129份唾液和79份尿样）和曼氏血吸虫（64份唾液和65份尿样）的男性患者以及健康个体（27份）的对照组中采集上午中期的唾液和24小时尿样。唾液样本进行了分析的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的存在，而尿液样本进行了分析的硝酸盐，亚硝酸盐和挥发性N-亚硝基化合物的存在。在对照组中，检测到N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）的浓度（平均值+/- SD）为0.27 +/- 0.47微克/天。一份样本中还存在N-亚硝基哌啶（NPIP; 0.6微克/天）和N-亚硝基吡咯烷（NPYR; 0.4微克/天）。曼氏血吸虫感染的受试者显示出显著（P < 0.001）更高的2.9 +/- 2.9微克/天NDMA水平和更高频率的NPIP（在40/65个样品中; 0.4 +/- 0.3微克/天）和NPYR发生（在59/65个样品中; 0.9 +/- 0.9微克/天）。在嗜血链球菌感染的患者中，挥发性N-亚硝基化合物的排泄量进一步显著增加，平均每日排泄量为19.2 +/- 21微克/天NDMA（在所有样品中; P < 0.001）、1.6 +/-2.3微克/天NPIP（在56/79个样品中; P < 0.001）和1.3 +/-1.9微克/天NPYR（在58/79个样品中; P < 0.1）。三组间唾液亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐和尿亚硝酸盐的差异均不显著。然而，尿中硝酸盐的排泄量从对照组的139 +/- 82 mg/天升高到曼氏血吸虫感染患者的249 +/- 126 mg/天（P < 0.001），在埃及血吸虫感染受试者中升高到174 +/- 176 mg/天（与曼氏血吸虫感染组相比P < 0.005）。这些结果表明，N-亚硝基化合物在膀胱癌相关性膀胱癌的病因学中可能发挥作用，并暗示曼氏血吸虫部分参与了膀胱癌相关性膀胱癌发生的多阶段过程。
The present study presents, for the first time, the amounts of nitrate, nitrite and volatile N-nitroso compounds in saliva and urine samples of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni infected patients. Mid-morning saliva and 24 h urine samples were collected from male patients infected with S.haematobium (n = 129 saliva and 79 urine samples) and S.mansoni (n = 64 saliva and 65 urine samples) and in a comparative control group of healthy individuals (n = 27) from the Nile Delta region of Egypt. Saliva samples were analyzed for the presence of nitrate and nitrite; while urine samples were analyzed for the presence of nitrate, nitrite and volatile N-nitroso compounds. In the control group, N-nitroso-dimethylamine (NDMA) was detected at concentrations (mean +/- SD) of 0.27 +/- 0.47 microgram/day. N-Nitrosopiperidine (NPIP; 0.6 microgram/day) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR; 0.4 microgram/day) were also present in one sample. S.mansoni infected subjects showed significantly (P < 0.001) higher levels of 2.9 +/- 2.9 micrograms/day NDMA and a higher frequency of NPIP (in 40/65 samples; 0.4 +/- 0.3 microgram/day) and NPYR occurrence (in 59/65 samples; 0.9 +/- 0.9 microgram/day). Significant further increases in the excretion of volatile N-nitroso compounds were found in S.haematobium-infected patients with mean daily excretion of 19.2 +/- 21 micrograms/day NDMA (in all samples; P < 0.001), 1.6 +/- 2.3 micrograms/day NPIP (in 56/79 samples; P < 0.001) and 1.3 +/- 1.9 micrograms/day NPYR (in 58/79 samples; P < 0.1). The differences either in salivary nitrite/nitrate or in urinary nitrite between the three distinct groups were not significant. However, the urinary excretion of nitrate was elevated from 139 +/- 82 mg/day in the control group to 249 +/- 126 mg/day in S.mansoni infected patients (P < 0.001) and to 174 +/- 176 mg/day in S.haematobium infected subjects (P < 0.005 in comparison to S.mansoni infected group). These results suggest a possible role of N-nitroso compounds in the etiology of schistosome-associated bladder cancer and imply a partial participation of S.mansoni in the multistage process of urinary schistosomiasis-associated bladder carcinogenesis.