Short Circuiting Policy
Short Circuiting Policy
复制标题
短路政策
DOI：
10.1093/oso/9780190074258.001.0001
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
L. Stokes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Stokes
《短路政策》审查了清洁能源政策，以了解为什么美国各州无法应对气候危机。在经历了20年的领导之后，美国各州在从肮脏的化石燃料向包括风能和太阳能在内的清洁能源过渡的承诺方面正在下滑。作者认为，倡导者和反对者利益集团之间的有组织斗争是解释为什么美国各州停止扩张甚至开始削弱可再生能源政策的核心。化石燃料公司和电力公司在传播气候否认方面发挥了关键作用。现在，他们已经转向气候延迟，努力阻止清洁能源政策的通过或实施，并推动紧缩。清洁能源倡导者通常缺乏足够的力量来克服电力公司对气候政策的反对。短路政策建立在政策反馈理论的基础上，显示了紧缩更有可能的条件。根据其相对的政治影响力，利益集团将直接通过与立法者、其工作人员和监管机构合作，或间接通过政党、公众和法院来推动紧缩。此外，政策可能产生的影响也不容易预测，这种影响被称为“制定的迷雾”。但随着时间的推移，联合利益集团可以学会通过跨州网络预测政策的后果。通过研究美国在过去一个世纪的能源政策，以及德克萨斯州、堪萨斯州、亚利桑那州和俄亥俄州在21世纪的清洁能源法，作者展示了反对者如何阻挠气候政策的进展。
Short Circuiting Policy examines clean energy policies to understand why US states are not on track to meet the climate crisis. After two decades of leadership, American states are slipping in their commitment to transition away from dirty fossil fuels toward cleaner energy sources, including wind and solar. The author argues that organized combat between advocate and opponent interest groups is central to explaining why US states have stopped expanding and even started weakening their renewable energy policies. Fossil fuel companies and electric utilities played a key role in spreading climate denial. Now, they have turned to climate delay, working to block clean energy policies from passing or being implemented and driving retrenchment. Clean energy advocates typically lack sufficient power to overcome electric utilities’ opposition to climate policy. Short Circuiting Policy builds on policy feedback theory, showing the conditions under which retrenchment is more likely. Depending on their relative political influence, interest groups will work to drive retrenchment either directly by working with legislators, their staff, and regulators or indirectly through the parties, the public, and the courts. Also, the likely effects of policies are not easy to predict—an effect termed “the fog of enactment.” But over time, federated interest groups can learn to anticipate policies’ consequences through networks that cross state lines. Examining US energy policy over the past century, and Texas’s, Kansas’s, Arizona’s, and Ohio’s clean energy laws in the twenty-first century, the author shows how opponents have thwarted progress on climate policy.