Tomorrow Never Dies: biodegradation and subsequent viability of invasive macrophytes following exposure to aquatic disinfectants
Tomorrow Never Dies: biodegradation and subsequent viability of invasive macrophytes following exposure to aquatic disinfectants
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DOI：
10.3391/mbi.2020.11.1.03
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发表时间：
2020-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Kate Crane;Ross N. Cuthbert;Eoghan M. Cunningham;Stephanie J. Bradbeer;Lawrence E. Eagling;L. Kregting;J. Dick;A. Dunning;E. Smith;C. Shannon;J. Caffrey;F. Lucy;Eithne Davis;N. Coughlan
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文献类型：
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作者：
Kate Crane;Ross N. Cuthbert;Eoghan M. Cunningham;Stephanie J. Bradbeer;Lawrence E. Eagling;L. Kregting;J. Dick;A. Dunning;E. Smith;C. Shannon;J. Caffrey;F. Lucy;Eithne Davis;N. Coughlan
水生外来入侵物种 (IAS) 对全世界的淡水生态系统产生负面影响。由于抑制和消灭已建立的入侵者种群通常是复杂的、昂贵的和资源密集型的，因此防止入侵者进一步扩散被认为是主动管理措施的一个关键方面。尽管广谱水生消毒剂被认为是一种合适的净化机制，可以增强入侵者传播预防策略，但文献中报道的其有效性不一致。在这里，我们研究了两种水生消毒剂的使用情况，这两种消毒剂是为了杀死有害微生物而开发的，以诱导五种入侵性大型植物的顶端碎片繁殖体大幅降解：Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne； Egeria densa Planchon;加拿大伊乐藻Michx； Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Linnaeus； Lagarosiphon Major（里德利）莫斯。将顶端碎片暴露于0% (0 g L -1 )、2% (20 g L -1 ) 或4% (40 g L -1 ) Virkon ® Aquatic 和Virasure ® Aquatic 溶液中，进行五分钟、十五分钟、三十分钟或六十分钟的浸没处理。 28 天后，处理过的碎片的降解明显大于对照组，特别是对于 4% 的溶液和较长的暴露时间。尽管如此，几乎所有植物物种都表现出与芽和/或根再生相关的持续活力。然而，在接受所有处理后，新芽生长率显着降低。在匹配浓度下，两种消毒剂之间没有显着差异。总体而言，所检查的水生消毒剂似乎不会抑制这些入侵性大型植物的传播。然而，较长的浸没时间、多种应用以及不同生物安全处理的协同效应可能会增强预防措施，防止进一步传播，这需要调查。
Aquatic invasive alien species (IAS) negatively impact freshwater ecosystems worldwide. As suppression and eradication of established invader populations are often complex, costly and resource-intensive, the prevention of further invader spread is considered a key aspect of proactive management measures. Although broad-spectrum aquatic disinfectants have been suggested as a suitable decontamination mechanism to enhance invader spread-prevention strategies, inconsistencies concerning their effectiveness are reported within the literature. Here, we examine the use of two aquatic disinfectants, which were developed to kill damaging microbes, to induce substantial degradation of the apical fragmentary propagules of five invasive macrophytes: Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne; Egeria densa Planchon; Elodea canadensis Michx; Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Linnaeus; Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss. Apical fragments were exposed to 0% (0 g L -1 ), 2% (20 g L -1 ) or 4% (40 g L -1 ) solutions of Virkon ® Aquatic and Virasure ® Aquatic, for submergence treatments of five, fifteen, thirty or sixty minutes. After 28 days, degradation of treated fragments was significantly greater than that of control groups, particularly for 4% solutions and longer exposure times. Despite this, sustained viability in relation to shoot and/or root regrowth was exhibited by almost all plant species. However, new shoot growth rates were significantly reduced following exposure to all treatments. At matched concentrations, there was no significant difference between the two disinfectants. Overall, it appears that the examined aquatic disinfectants will not curtail the spread of these invasive macrophytes. Yet, longer submergence times, multiple applications and synergistic effects of different biosecurity treatments may enhance preventative measures against further spread and this requires investigation.