The European Union One Health 2018 Zoonoses Report
The European Union One Health 2018 Zoonoses Report
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DOI：
10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5926
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
欧洲食品安全局和欧洲疾病预防和控制中心的这份报告介绍了2018年在36个欧洲国家（28个成员国（MS）和8个非MS）开展的人畜共患病监测活动的结果。人类第一和第二常见的人畜共患疾病分别是弯曲杆菌病和沙门氏菌病。2014-2018年期间，欧盟（EU）这两种疾病的确诊人间病例趋势稳定。2018年由沙门氏菌引起的人类沙门氏菌病病例比例与2017年相同。在27个报告的MS中，16个达到了家禽沙门氏菌减少的所有目标，而11个MS未能达到至少一个目标。近年来，欧盟鸡群中目标沙门氏菌血清型在种母鸡、产蛋鸡、肉鸡和育肥火鸡中的流行率有所下降，但在种火鸡中停滞不前。与食品经营者相比，主管当局通过国家控制计划对猪屠体和家禽进行的沙门氏菌检测结果更频繁地呈阳性。人类中的产滋贺毒素大肠杆菌（STEC）感染是欧盟第三大最常报告的人畜共患病，并且从2014年到2018年有所增加。耶尔森氏菌病是2018年人类第四大最常报告的人畜共患病，2014-2018年呈稳定趋势。2018年报告的确诊李斯特菌病病例数量进一步增加，尽管李斯特菌很少超过即食食品中检测的欧盟食品安全限值。总共报告了5，146起食物和水传播的疫情。沙门氏菌是最常见的病原体。五分之一的疫情是由肠道传染引起的。鸡蛋和蛋制品中的沙门氏菌是风险最高的病原体/食物对。2018年报告了人类西尼罗河病毒感染的大幅增加。该报告进一步更新了牛结核病、布鲁氏菌、旋毛虫、棘球绦虫、弓形虫、狂犬病、贝氏柯克斯体（Q热）和土拉菌病的最新情况。(c)2019年欧洲食品安全局和欧洲疾病预防控制中心。
This report of the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2018 in 36 European countries (28 Member States (MS) and 8 non-MS). The first and second most commonly reported zoonoses in humans were campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis, respectively. The European Union (EU) trend for confirmed human cases of these two diseases was stable during 2014-2018. The proportion of human salmonellosis cases due to Salmonella Enteritidis was at the same level in 2018 as in 2017. Of the 27 reporting MS, 16 met all Salmonella reduction targets for poultry, whereas 11 MS failed meeting at least one. The EU flock prevalence of target Salmonella serovars in breeding hens, laying hens, broilers and fattening turkeys decreased during recent years but stalled in breeding turkeys. Salmonella results from Competent Authorities for pig carcasses and for poultry tested through National Control Programmes were more frequently positive compared with food business operators. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections in humans were the third most commonly reported zoonosis in the EU and increased from 2014 to 2018. Yersiniosis was the fourth most frequently reported zoonosis in humans in 2018 with a stable trend in 2014-2018. The number of reported confirmed listeriosis cases further increased in 2018, despite Listeria rarely exceeding the EU food safety limit tested in ready-to-eat food. In total, 5,146 food- and waterborne outbreaks were reported. Salmonella was the most commonly detected agent with S. Enteritidis causing one in five outbreaks. Salmonella in eggs and egg products was the highest risk agent/food pair. A large increase of human West Nile virus infections was reported in 2018. The report further updates on bovine tuberculosis, Brucella, Trichinella, Echinococcus, Toxoplasma, rabies, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) and tularaemia. (c) 2019 European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.