What Happens After an Error?
What Happens After an Error?
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错误后会发生什么？
DOI：
10.1101/2022.03.17.484792
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Taraz G. Lee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tyler J. Adkins;Hang Zhang;Taraz G. Lee
人类在犯错误后往往会慢下来。长期以来，人们对这种错误后放缓的解释是，人们只是更加谨慎。然而，准确性通常不会提高错误导致一些研究人员认为，最初的“定向”反应可能会在错误后立即损害性能。不幸的是，在使用自由响应时间的标准任务中，描述这种基于错误的损害的性质仍然是一个挑战。使用一种新的实验方法，我们施加严格的控制反应的时间来揭示刺激-反应处理的时间过程。即使有足够的时间做出回应，参与者在错误之后也不太准确。一个反应准备的计算模型排除了错误导致认知过程减慢的可能性。相反，我们发现，“功效”的认知处理在产生预期的反应是受损的错误。参与者在犯错误后会犯更多的持续性错误。而不是一个战略转变沿着一个单一的速度-准确性权衡功能，在自由反应时间任务中观察到的错误后减慢可能是一个自适应反应受损的认知处理，反映了从根本上改变反应的速度和准确性之间的关系。
Humans tend to slow down after making an error. A longstanding account of this post-error slowing is that people are simply more cautious. However, accuracy typically does not improve following an error leading some researchers to suggest that an initial ‘orienting’ response may initially impair performance immediately following error. Unfortunately, characterizing the nature of this error-based impairment remains a challenge in standard tasks that use free response times. Using a new experimental approach, we exert tight control over the timing of responses to reveal the time course of stimulus-response processing. Participants are less accurate after an error even when given ample time to make a response. A computational model of response preparation rules out the possibility that errors lead to slower cognitive processing. Instead, we find that the “efficacy” of cognitive processing in producing an intended response is impaired following errors. Participants commit more perseverative slips of action following an error. Rather than a strategic shift along a single speed-accuracy tradeoff function, post-error slowing observed in free response time tasks may be an adaptive response to impaired cognitive processing that reflects a fundamentally altered relationship between the speed and accuracy of responses.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
M. Botvinick;T. Braver;D. Barch;C. Carter;J. Cohen
通讯作者：
M. Botvinick;T. Braver;D. Barch;C. Carter;J. Cohen
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Carpenter, Bob;Gelman, Andrew;Riddell, Allen
通讯作者：
Riddell, Allen