Ultramontanism in Yorkshire, 1850–1900
Ultramontanism in Yorkshire, 1850–1900
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约克郡的超自然主义，1850–1900
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发表时间：
1984
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Supple
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作者：
J. Supple
“超蒙塔纳主义”，一个可以简单地用来描述对教皇的特定态度的术语，经常被用来描述某些种类的虔诚实践，有时也与天主教的其他方面有关，例如对贫困，慈善和新教徒的态度，以及教会中威权主义的增长。19世纪后半叶被描绘成一个时期，在此期间，超山区神职人员从旧的英国神职人员和俗人手中控制了天主教会，这一时期的象征是1865年任命超山区曼宁而不是旧的英国主教克利福德到威斯敏斯特：“超山区主义和罗马化的胜利”。如果整个英格兰都是如此，那么约克郡也一定是如此，1861年，“彻底的罗马人”罗伯特·康斯韦特（Robert Cornthwaite）成为贝弗利主教。在这一时期，以各种形式出现的超蒙大拿主义对约克郡的天主教会无疑产生了重要影响，但也有证据表明，即使到了19世纪90年代，人们仍然坚持旧英格兰的态度和做法。在约克郡发生的事情并不是极端山岳主义的胜利，而是两种不同类型的天主教逐渐被接受和同化，因为以前统治约克郡教会的贵族和为他们服务的旧英国神职人员，与最极端的英国主教和年轻的牧师达成了协议，他们以他为榜样。
‘Ultramontanism’, a term which can be used simply to describe a particular attitude towards the Papacy, is frequently used to describe certain kinds of devotional practice, and is sometimes used in connection with other aspects of Catholicism, such as attitudes towards poverty, charity and Protestants, and the growth of authoritarianism in the Church. The second half of the nineteenth century is portrayed as the period during which the Ultramontane clergy took control of the Catholic Church from the hands of the old English clergy and laity, symbolised in the appointment of the Ultramontane Manning to Westminster in 1865 rather than the old English Bishop Clifford: ‘the victory of Ultramontanism and Romanisation’. If this was true of England as a whole, then it must surely be true of Yorkshire, where in 1861 the ‘thoroughly Roman’ Robert Cornthwaite became Bishop of Beverley? Ultramontanism, in all its guises, certainly had an important influence on the Catholic Church in Yorkshire during this period, but there is also evidence of a continued attachment to old English attitudes and practices, even as late as the 1890s. What took place in Yorkshire was not the triumph of Ultramontanism but a gradual acceptance and assimilation of two different kinds of Catholicism, as the gentry who had formerly dominated the Yorkshire Church, and the old English clergy who served them, came to terms with the most Ultramontane of the English bishops and the younger priests who followed his example.