Relationship of endogenous circadian melatonin and temperature rhythms to self-reported preference for morning or evening activity in young and older people.
Relationship of endogenous circadian melatonin and temperature rhythms to self-reported preference for morning or evening activity in young and older people.
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发表时间：
1999-03
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通讯作者：
J. Duffy;D. Dijk;Edward F. Hall;C. Czeisler
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作者：
J. Duffy;D. Dijk;Edward F. Hall;C. Czeisler
背景技术早晨-晚上指的是行为的优选时间的个体间差异（即，bed and wake times）。老年人的起床时间比年轻人早，他们认为自己比年轻人更像早晨。据报道，昼夜节律的阶段在早晨类型中比在晚上类型中早，并且老年人比年轻人具有更早的阶段。这些阶段的变化被认为是偏好的睡眠和清醒时间的差异以及其中与年龄相关的变化的时间生物学基础。这种相位差异是否与内源性昼夜节律和睡眠-觉醒周期之间的相位关系的变化有关，以前还没有研究过。方法研究昼夜节律相位、睡眠-觉醒周期与昼夜节律的相位关系、晨晚性之间的关系及其与衰老的相互作用。在这项昼夜节律研究中，68名年轻人和40名老年人参与了研究。结果青年人褪黑素和核心体温节律的时相在早晨早于晚上型，昼夜节律时相与清醒时间的间隔在早晨型较长。因此，虽然晚上类型的人比早上类型的人在更晚的时钟时间醒来，但早上类型实际上在更晚的昼夜节律阶段醒来。比较年轻人和老年人的早晨类型，我们发现老年人的早晨类型有一个更早的昼夜节律相和更短的相醒来的时间间隔。老年人“早晨型”的较短的相-醒时间间隔与年轻人的早晨型变化相反，并且与年轻的晚上型更相似。结论这些发现表明，年轻人的昼夜节律、睡眠-觉醒周期和昼夜节律之间的关系以及晨昏之间存在关联。此外，他们表明，与年龄相关的相位角的变化不能完全归因于与年龄相关的朝晨性的转变。这些发现对于理解睡眠-觉醒时间的个人偏好和睡眠时间的年龄相关变化具有重要意义。
BACKGROUND Morningness-eveningness refers to interindividual differences in preferred timing of behavior (i.e., bed and wake times). Older people have earlier wake times and rate themselves as more morning-like than young adults. It has been reported that the phase of circadian rhythms is earlier in morning-types than in evening types, and that older people have earlier phases than young adults. These changes in phase have been considered to be the chronobiological basis of differences in preferred bed and wake times and age-related changes therein. Whether such differences in phase are associated with changes in the phase relationship between endogenous circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle has not been investigated previously. METHODS We investigated the association between circadian phase, the phase relationship between the sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms, and morningness-eveningness, and their interaction with aging. In this circadian rhythm study, 68 young and 40 older subjects participated. RESULTS Among the young subjects, the phase of the melatonin and core temperature rhythms occurred earlier in morning than in evening types and the interval between circadian phase and usual wake time was longer in morning types. Thus, while evening types woke at a later clock hour than morning types, morning types actually woke at a later circadian phase. Comparing young and older morning types we found that older morning types had an earlier circadian phase and a shorter phase-wake time interval. The shorter phase-waketime interval in older "morning types" is opposite to the change associated with morningness in young people, and is more similar to young evening types. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate an association between circadian phase, the relationship between the sleep-wake cycle and circadian phase, and morningness-eveningness in young adults. Furthermore, they demonstrate that age-related changes in phase angle cannot be attributed fully to an age-related shift toward morningness. These findings have important implications for understanding individual preferences in sleep-wake timing and age-related changes in the timing of sleep.