Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the US population:: Current levels, temporal trends, and comparison with dioxins, dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls
Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the US population:: Current levels, temporal trends, and comparison with dioxins, dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls
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DOI：
10.1097/01.jom.0000158704.27536.d2
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发表时间：
2005-03-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Dahlgren, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schecter, A;Päpke, O;Dahlgren, J
溴化阻燃剂在过去的30年中在美国得到了普遍使用。这项研究报告了目前和30年前美国人口血液中多溴联苯醚（PBDE）阻燃剂的水平，以及目前的母乳水平。这也是。第一项研究报告测量的同系物和二恶英毒性当量（TEQs）的二恶英，二苯并呋喃，二恶英样多氯联苯（PCB）从存档，1973年，血液和比较他们与目前的水平。研究结果表明，美国人血液中这些持久性有机污染物（POPS）的水平发生了显着变化。虽然二恶英、二苯并呋喃和多氯联苯在1973年血液中的含量明显较高，但多溴二苯醚的情况正好相反。此外，与二恶英，二苯并呋喃和多氯联苯，随着年龄的增长，有没有显着的相关性，在我们的研究中发现多溴二苯醚水平和年龄之间。目前，美国血液中的多溴二苯醚总含量是迄今为止世界上报告的最高水平，两个混合样本（每个样本100个）测量的脂质含量分别为61.7和79.7 ppb，在一系列39项单独分析中，范围为4.6至365.5 ppb，中位数为29 ppb，平均值为52.6 ppb。这项研究中女性的中位数为43.3 ppb，男性为25.1 ppb。虽然女性血液中的多溴联苯醚含量高于男性，但在我们的研究中，这在统计上并不显著。血液中的水平与美国的水平相似。S.来自59名妇女的人乳，6.2至418.8 ppb脂质。2003年汇集的血清中的多溴二苯醚水平为61.7 ppb，远远高于1973年存档的汇集血清中的水平，在1973年存档的汇集血清中，几乎没有对多溴二苯醚进行定量，尽管使用未检出的一半检测限估计的水平为0.77 ppb。虽然尚未对多溴二苯醚进行过人类健康研究，但这些研究令人关切，因为体内和体外动物研究表明，多溴二苯醚会对神经系统、生殖、发育和内分泌产生影响，高剂量研究也会导致癌症。
Brominated flame retardants have come into common use in the United States during the past 3 decades. This study reports levels of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants in blood from the U.S. population at the present time and 30 years previously and also current human milk levels. This is also. the first study to report measured congeners and dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs) of dioxins, dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from archived, 1973, blood and compare them with current levels. The findings indicate there have been significant changes in levels of each class of these persistent organic pollutants (POPS) in U.S. human blood. Although dioxin, dibenzofuran, and PCB levels are markedly higher in the 1973 blood, the opposite is true for PBDEs. Furthermore, unlike dioxins, dibenzofurans, and PCBs, which increase with age, there was no significant correlation found in our study between PBDE levels and age. Current total PBDE levels in U.S. blood are the highest reported worldwide to date, with 2 pooled samples (N = 100 each) measuring 61.7 and 79.7 parts per billion (ppb) lipid, and in a series of 39 individual analyses, the range was 4.6 to 365.5 ppb with a median of 29 ppb and a mean of 52.6 ppb. The median for women in this study was 43.3 ppb, and for men it was 25.1 ppb. Although women have a higher level of PBDEs in blood than men, in our study, this is not statistically significant. Blood levels are similar to levels in U. S. human milk from 59 women, 6.2 to 418.8 ppb lipid. Levels of PBDE in pooled 2003 serum are far higher at 61.7 ppb than in 1973 archived pooled serum in which almost no PBDEs were quantified, although the estimated level using half the detection limit for nondetects was 0.77 ppb. Although no human health studies have been conducted on PBDEs, they are of concern because in vivo and in vitro animal studies show nervous system, reproductive, developmental, and endocrine effects, as well as cancer in high-dose studies.