Transposable elements as tools for genomics and genetics in Drosophila.
Transposable elements as tools for genomics and genetics in Drosophila.
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DOI：
10.1093/bfgp/2.1.57
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发表时间：
2003-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Russell, Steven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ryder, Edward;Russell, Steven
自1982年作为转基因工具被开发以来，P元件一直是果蝇遗传学的主力;基于转座子的各种系统的后续发展为遗传学和基因组学应用提供了一系列强大而灵活的工具。P-元件插入经常用作产生染色体缺失以去除侧翼基因的起始点，通过筛选不精确的切除事件或通过选择雄性重组事件。利用酵母FLP/FLP重组靶（FRT）位点特异性重组系统的元件已被广泛用于产生分子标记的有丝分裂克隆用于镶嵌分析，将这种强大的遗传工具的范围扩展到发育生物学的几乎所有领域。P元件仍然被广泛用作传统的突变试剂，并构成了旨在在苍蝇基因组中的每个预测基因中产生插入的项目的支柱。此外，基于FLP/FRT系统的载体正用于全基因组应用，包括开发分子定位缺失和重复试剂盒。除了这些“传统的”遗传方法之外，已经开发了各种工程元件用于广泛的转基因应用，包括增强子捕获、基因标记、靶向错误表达、RNA干扰（RNAi）递送和同源重组/基因置换。为了补充P元件的使用，已经开发了替代转座子载体。其中应用最广泛的是鳞翅目昆虫piggyBacandDrosophilahydeitransson，Minos.总之，一系列转座子载体为果蝇生物学家提供了相当大的灵活性和复杂性，在操纵果蝇的基因组，并允许在发育生物学和基因组科学的所有领域的快速发展。
TheP-elementhas been the workhorse ofDrosophilagenetics since it was developed as a tool for transgenesis in 1982; the subsequent development of a variety of systems based on the transposon have provided a range of powerful and flexible tools for genetics and genomics applications.P-elementinsertions are frequently used as starting-points for generating chromosomal deletions to remove flanking genes, either by screening for imprecise excision events or by selecting for male recombination events. Elements that utilise the yeast FLP/FLP recombination target (FRT) site-specific recombination system have been widely used to generate molecularly marked mitotic clones for mosaic analysis, extending the reach of this powerful genetic tool to virtually all areas of developmental biology. P-elements are still widely used as traditional mutagenesis reagents and form the backbone of projects aimed at generating insertions in every predicted gene in the fly genome. In addition, vectors based on the FLP/FRT system are being used for genome-wide applications, including the development of molecularly-mapped deletion and duplication kits. In addition to these ‘traditional’ genetic approaches, a variety of engineered elements have been developed for a wide range of transgenic applications, including enhancer trapping, gene-tagging, targeted misexpression, RNA interference (RNAi) delivery and homologous recombination/gene replacement. To complement the use ofP-elements, alternative transposon vectors have been developed. The most widely used of these are the lepidopteran elementpiggyBacand aDrosophila hydeitransposon,Minos. In total, a range of transposon vectors offers theDrosophilabiologist considerable flexibility and sophistication in manipulating the genome of the fly and has allowed rapid advances in all areas of developmental biology and genome science.