CHEMICAL KINETICS IN THE PAST FEW DECADES
CHEMICAL KINETICS IN THE PAST FEW DECADES
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DOI：
10.1126/science.125.3250.679
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发表时间：
1957-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
HINSHELWOOD, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HINSHELWOOD, C
摆在我面前的任务是谈谈物理化学中研究化学反应的内在机理的分支在过去几十年中的发展。目前的情况似乎要求从一个比通常所希望或适当的更个人的角度进行调查。因此，也许我应该对决定我和其他人一起参加的工作进程的思想路线和意外事件作一些说明。我想，没有人能在不深深意识到时间和变化的魅力的情况下，花很多年时间研究化学动力学：这是一种超出科学而进入诗歌的东西，但是科学，受制于总是寻求更接近真理的严格必要性，本身包含许多诗意的元素。化学变化的奥秘开始可能会以多种方式打动一位年轻的化学家。我会提一个：它属于实际生活，是一个真实的例子。炸药必须进行稳定性测试，这是通过测量它们在适当高温下的分解来完成的。一些非常有趣的现象出现了，它们揭示了温度的显著影响，固体分解的速度大大加快，以及各种惊人的催化效应。许多重大问题出现了，西里尔欣谢尔伍德爵士是李博士在英国牛津大学的物理和无机化学教授。这篇文章是根据他在1956年获得诺贝尔化学奖时所作的演讲撰写的，他与尼古拉·N.谢梅诺夫。经诺贝尔基金会许可，本文转载于此。
The task before me is to speak of the evolution during the last few decades of the branch of physical chemistry which treats of the intimate mechanism of chemical reactions. The present circumstances seem to call for a survey taken from a rather more personal point of view than is usually desirable or proper. Hence, it is perhaps suitable that I should give some account of the lines of thought and of the accidents which have determined the course of the work in which, with others, I have taken part. Nobody, I suppose, could devote many years to the study of chemical kinetics without being deeply conscious of the fascination of time and change: this is something that goes outside science into poetry, but science, subject to the rigid necessity of always seeking closer approximations to the truth, itself contains many poetical elements. There are many ways in which the mysteries of chemical change might begin to impress themselves on a young chemist. I will mention one: it belongs to practical life and is a real example. Explosives have to be tested for stability, and this is done by measuring their decomposition at a suitably high temperature. Phenomena of great interest appear, revealing a remarkably large influence of temperature, a great acceleration of the rate if the solid liquefies, and various striking catalytic effects. Many major problems present themselves, Sir Cyril Hinshelwood is Dr. Lee's professor of physical and inorganic chemistry at the University of Oxford, Oxford, England. This article is based on the lecture he· gave when he was awarded the Nobel prize in chemistry for 1956, a prize that he shared with Nikolai N. Semenov. It is reprinted here with the Permission of the Nobel Foundation.