Biomass burning emissions estimated with a global fire assimilation system based on observed fire radiative power
Biomass burning emissions estimated with a global fire assimilation system based on observed fire radiative power
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DOI：
10.5194/bg-9-527-2012
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
van der Werf, G. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaiser, J. W.;Heil, A.;van der Werf, G. R.
全球火灾同化系统（GFASv1.0）通过同化Terra和Aqua卫星上的中分辨率成像光谱仪仪器观测到的火灾辐射功率（FRP）来计算生物质燃烧排放量。它修正了观测中的差距，这主要是由于云层覆盖，并过滤了虚假的FRP观测火山，气体耀斑和其他工业活动。燃烧率随后计算与土地覆盖特定的转换系数。40个气相和气溶胶痕量物质的排放因子已从文献调查中汇编。从2003年至今，相应的日排放量是在全球0.5度x0.5度网格上计算的。与全球火灾排放数据库3.1版（GFED 3.1）在其准确性方面实现了总体一致性，同时保持了基于FRP的方法的优点：GFASv1.0利用了FRP观测中包含的燃烧率的定量信息，并以高空间和时间分辨率在真实的时间内检测火灾。GFASv1.0表示GFED3.1中由于未检测到的小火灾而导致的遗漏错误。它在南美洲和北非的火灾季节略长，在东南亚的火灾季节略短。GFASv1.0已经在一项独立研究中用于大气反应气体模拟，该研究发现与大气观测结果吻合良好。我们进行了模拟的大气气溶胶分布与同化的MODIS气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）。他们指出，颗粒物排放量需要增加2-4倍，才能重现有机物和黑碳的全球分布。在比较以前公布的自上而下和自下而上的估计数时，这种差异也很明显。目前，建议将全球颗粒物排放量提高3.4。2010年夏季俄罗斯火灾期间记录的独立AOD和PM10观测结果表明，全球监测大气成分和变化（MACC）气溶胶模型与GFASv 1. 0气溶胶排放量捕获烟羽演变以及有机物和黑碳时，建议的因素。结合同化中分辨率成像分光仪气溶胶光学厚度，使用GFASv1.0与增强的排放因子定量改善了近地面的气溶胶负荷的预测，足以使空气质量警报的提前时间长达四天。
The Global Fire Assimilation System (GFASv1.0) calculates biomass burning emissions by assimilating Fire Radiative Power (FRP) observations from the MODIS instruments onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. It corrects for gaps in the observations, which are mostly due to cloud cover, and filters spurious FRP observations of volcanoes, gas flares and other industrial activity. The combustion rate is subsequently calculated with land cover-specific conversion factors. Emission factors for 40 gas-phase and aerosol trace species have been compiled from a literature survey. The corresponding daily emissions have been calculated on a global 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees grid from 2003 to the present. General consistency with the Global Fire Emission Database version 3.1 (GFED3.1) within its accuracy is achieved while maintaining the advantages of an FRP-based approach: GFASv1.0 makes use of the quantitative information on the combustion rate that is contained in the FRP observations, and it detects fires in real time at high spatial and temporal resolution. GFASv1.0 indicates omission errors in GFED3.1 due to undetected small fires. It also exhibits slightly longer fire seasons in South America and North Africa and a slightly shorter fire season in Southeast Asia. GFASv1.0 has already been used for atmospheric reactive gas simulations in an independent study, which found good agreement with atmospheric observations. We have performed simulations of the atmospheric aerosol distribution with and without the assimilation of MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD). They indicate that the emissions of particulate matter need to be boosted by a factor of 2-4 to reproduce the global distribution of organic matter and black carbon. This discrepancy is also evident in the comparison of previously published top-down and bottom-up estimates. For the time being, a global enhancement of the particulate matter emissions by 3.4 is recommended. Validation with independent AOD and PM10 observations recorded during the Russian fires in summer 2010 show that the global Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Change (MACC) aerosol model with GFASv1.0 aerosol emissions captures the smoke plume evolution well when organic matter and black carbon are enhanced by the recommended factor. In conjunction with the assimilation of MODIS AOD, the use of GFASv1.0 with enhanced emission factors quantitatively improves the forecast of the aerosol load near the surface sufficiently to allow air quality warnings with a lead time of up to four days.