Drought threatens California's levees.
Drought threatens California's levees.
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干旱威胁着加州的堤坝。
DOI：
10.1126/science.349.6250.799-a
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Joe D. Robinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Vahedifard;A. Aghakouchak;Joe D. Robinson
RS步行者和KR Hill在他们的社论《保护孤立的部落》（6月5日，第1061页）中，除了提出与孤立的土著人民进行一种不受干扰的“有控制的接触”的令人难以置信的概念之外，他们还要求我们忽视这种过程被强大的既得利益集团所利用的可能性。石油公司、伐木者和政府都迫切希望促进接触，并获得这些民族领土上的宝贵自然资源。然而，步行者和希尔是对的，“除非保护工作.大幅增加，否则这些部落生存的机会很小。”他们引用了秘鲁的“别管他们”政策，但现实情况却大不相同。在希尔和步行者引用的约拉人的例子中，为他们建立的保护区大约有三分之一已经开放用于天然气开采[1]。如果这些权利即使在奉行“别管他们”政策的国家也受到如此践踏，那么如果积极推动“有控制的接触”，会发生什么？步行者和希尔应该要求坚持这些标准，而不是削弱这些标准。无论“有控制的接触”的提议的意图多么好，它都不是其他人的地方，无论他们是学者还是政府，来决定那些出于自己的原因而与世界其他地区保持距离的人民的未来。这是由人民自己承担这一重大责任，并决定是否，何时以及如何接触应该发生。这就是所谓的自决。更广泛的社会有责任通过宣布他们的土地为非法伐木或采矿来维护这一权利，守卫这些地区以防止非法活动，改善周边地区的公共卫生，并在接触开始时提供紧急医疗援助。这样，我们就可以给他们空间和时间来决定自己的未来。
IN THEIR EDITORIAL “Protecting isolated tribes”(5 June, p. 1061), in addition to proposing the implausible notion of a flawlessly engineered “controlled contact” with isolated indigenous peoples in which events go according to plan and nobody dies, RS Walker and KR Hill ask us to ignore the likelihood that such processes would be co-opted by powerful vested interests. Oil companies, loggers, and governments are desperate to promote contact and access the precious natural resources in these peoples’ territories. Walker and Hill are right, however, that “unless protection efforts… are drastically increased, the chances that these tribes will survive are slim.” They cite Peru’s “leave them alone” policy, but the reality is very different. In the case of the Yora people cited by Hill and Walker, roughly a third of the protected area established for them has been opened up for gas exploitation (1). If these rights are so trampled even in countries with “leave them alone” policies, what would happen if “controlled contact” were actively promoted? Walker and Hill should be demanding that these standards are upheld rather than weakened. However well intentioned the proposal of “controlled contact,” it is not the place of others, be they academics or governments, to determine the future of peoples who, for their own reasons, are holding the rest of the world at arm’s length. It is up to the people themselves to assume this weighty responsibility and to decide if, when, and how contact should occur. This is called self-determination. It is the job of wider society to safeguard this right by declaring their lands illegal for logging or mining, guarding these areas to prevent illegal activities, improving public health in surrounding areas, and enabling emergency medical assistance if and when contact is initiated. In this way, we can provide them with the space and time to decide their own future.