Carbonaceous aerosols contributed by traffic and solid fuel burning at a polluted rural site in Northwestern England
Carbonaceous aerosols contributed by traffic and solid fuel burning at a polluted rural site in Northwestern England
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-11-1603-2011
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Coe, H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, D.;Allan, J.;Coe, H.
本文提出的实验是在霍姆莫斯网站，这是位于南部奔宁地区在英格兰西北部在2006年11月至12月期间进行的。在实验期间，强烈的西南风，这增强了大曼彻斯特和利物浦的大都市城市污染物的运输，除了季节性增加附近的住宅供暖活动，使这个网站的一系列来源的污染物的受体。本文应用因子分析法对大气气溶胶质谱仪（AMS）测得的有机物（OM）质谱进行了污染物来源的分析。除了含氧有机气溶胶（OOA），这个网站被发现含有相当大的比例的主要有机气溶胶（POA，质量分数50-70%的OM总质量）。POA的来源主要是交通尾气和固体燃料燃烧，分别被认为是类烃有机气溶胶（HOA）和固体燃料有机气溶胶（SFOA）。两种来源的黑碳（BC）颗粒的排放量都很强。耐火BC组分（rBC）通过单颗粒烟灰光度计表征。该网站开始受到影响，在上午晚些时候由新鲜的交通排放，而固体燃料燃烧成为主导从下午晚些时候到晚上。协方差分析的rBC和POA被用来获得源特定的排放因子为1.61 μ gHOA/μ grBC和1.96 μ gHOA/μ grBC。气溶胶的吸收特性，其特征在于在多个波长（λ），并观察到更强的光谱依赖性的吸收时，该网站的固体燃料燃烧的显着影响。据估计，rBC占亚微米气溶胶质量的3-16%。λ = 700 nm处的单次散射反照率（SSA（700 nm））与rBC质量分数显着反相关，但也与BC混合状态相关。因此，BC的掺入/去除过程可能在调节新鲜源影响下的现场气溶胶的辐射特性方面发挥作用。鉴于交通和住宅燃烧的固体燃料是欧洲的碳质气溶胶的重要贡献者，这些结果提供了重要的源特定的人为碳质气溶胶建模的信息。
The experiment presented in this paper was conducted at the Holme Moss site, which is located in the southern Pennines region in Northwestern England during November-December 2006. The strong southwesterly wind during the experimental period, which enhanced the transport of urban pollutants from the conurbations of Greater Manchester and Liverpool, in addition to the seasonally increased nearby residential heating activities, made this site a receptor for pollutants from a range of sources. A factor analysis is applied to the mass spectra of organic matter (OM) measured by the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) to attribute the pollutant sources. Besides the oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), this site was found to contain a considerable fraction of primary organic aerosols (POA, mass fraction 50-70% within total mass of OM). The POA sources are attributed to be traffic emission and solid fuel burning, which are identified as hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and solid fuel organic aerosol (SFOA) respectively. There were strongly combined emissions of black carbon (BC) particles from both sources. The refractory BC component (rBC) was characterized by a single particle soot photometer. This site began to be influenced during the late morning by fresh traffic emissions, whereas solid fuel burning became dominant from late afternoon until night. A covariance analysis of rBC and POA was used to derive source specific emission factors of 1.61 mu gHOA/mu grBC and 1.96 mu gHOA/mu grBC. The absorbing properties of aerosols were characterized at multiple wavelengths (lambda), and a stronger spectral dependence of absorption was observed when this site was significantly influenced by solid fuel burning. The rBC was estimated to contribute 3-16% of submicron aerosol mass. The single scattering albedo at lambda = 700 nm (SSA(700 nm)) was significantly anti-correlated with the rBC mass fraction, but also associated with the BC mixing state. The BC incorporation/removal process therefore may play a role in modulating the radiative properties of aerosols at the site under the influence of fresh sources. Given that traffic and residential combustion of solid fuels are significant contributors of carbonaceous aerosols over Europe, these results provide important source-specific information on modeling the anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosols.