Evolution and Diversity of Transposable Elements in Vertebrate Genomes.
Evolution and Diversity of Transposable Elements in Vertebrate Genomes.
复制标题
脊椎动物基因组中转座元件的进化和多样性。
DOI：
10.1093/gbe/evw264
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Ray DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sotero-Caio CG;Platt RN 2nd;Suh A;Ray DA
转座元件(TES)是自私的遗传元件，通过转座或逆转座子在基因组中动员，通常构成脊椎动物基因组的很大一部分。在这里，我们在基因组测序和组装技术的最新进展的背景下，回顾了目前对脊椎动物TE多样性和进化的理解。TE占已组装脊椎动物基因组的4%-60%，深度分支的谱系，如鳍鱼和两栖动物，通常比较新的鸟类和哺乳动物表现出更高的TE多样性。此外，具有特殊TE景观的分类群名单正在增加。我们强调，目前基因组分析的瓶颈在于对TES的适当注释，并提供了一些例子，其中肤浅的分析导致了关于基因组进化的误导性结论。最后，最近在长阅读测序方面的进展将很快允许进入以前拒绝组装的富含TE的基因组区域，包括火蜥蜴和肺鱼的巨大的富含TE的基因组。
Transposable elements (TEs) are selfish genetic elements that mobilize in genomes via transposition or retrotransposition and often make up large fractions of vertebrate genomes. Here, we review the current understanding of vertebrate TE diversity and evolution in the context of recent advances in genome sequencing and assembly techniques. TEs make up 4–60% of assembled vertebrate genomes, and deeply branching lineages such as ray-finned fishes and amphibians generally exhibit a higher TE diversity than the more recent radiations of birds and mammals. Furthermore, the list of taxa with exceptional TE landscapes is growing. We emphasize that the current bottleneck in genome analyses lies in the proper annotation of TEs and provide examples where superficial analyses led to misleading conclusions about genome evolution. Finally, recent advances in long-read sequencing will soon permit access to TE-rich genomic regions that previously resisted assembly including the gigantic, TE-rich genomes of salamanders and lungfishes.