The role of FACT in making and breaking nucleosomes.
The role of FACT in making and breaking nucleosomes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.07.009
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发表时间：
2012-03
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Formosa, Tim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Formosa, Tim
FACT是一种约180 kDa的异源二聚体蛋白复合体，对管理真核细胞中染色质的性质非常重要。染色质是一种抑制性屏障，在保护基因组DNA和调节其获取途径方面发挥着重要作用。这一障碍必须在转录、复制和修复过程中暂时消除，但随后也必须迅速恢复到原始状态。此外，染色质的性质是动态的，必须根据条件进行调整。FACT被认为是在体外破坏核小体稳定的一个因素，但现在它也被认为是组蛋白沉积形成核小体的中心因素，是将现有核小体中的组蛋白交换为不同形式的交换因子，以及防止组蛋白在转录过程中被RNA聚合酶取代的系绳。因此，FACT在建立、维持、调节和克服染色质障碍方面发挥着核心作用。这篇综述总结了最近的结果，这些结果已经开始揭示事实如何促进似乎相互矛盾的目标，使用一组简单的结合活动来增强和降低核小体的稳定性。
FACT is a roughly 180 kDa heterodimeric protein complex important for managing the properties of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Chromatin is a repressive barrier that plays an important role in protecting genomic DNA and regulating access to it. This barrier must be temporarily removed during transcription, replication, and repair, but it also must be rapidly restored to the original state afterwards. Further, the properties of chromatin are dynamic and must be adjusted as conditions dictate. FACT was identified as a factor that destabilizes nucleosomes in vitro, but it has now also been implicated as a central factor in the deposition of histones to form nucleosomes, as an exchange factor that swaps the histones within existing nucleosomes for variant forms, and as a tether that prevents histones from being displaced by the passage of RNA polymerases during transcription. FACT therefore plays central roles in building, maintaining, adjusting, and overcoming the chromatin barrier. This review summarizes recent results that have begun to reveal how FACT can promote what appear to be contradictory goals, using a simple set of binding activities to both enhance and diminish the stability of nucleosomes.
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