'Anti-bee' and 'pro-bird' changes during the evolution of hummingbird pollination in Penstemon flowers
'Anti-bee' and 'pro-bird' changes during the evolution of hummingbird pollination in Penstemon flowers
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00729.x
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Thomson, JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Castellanos, MC;Wilson, P;Thomson, JD
花的表型可能是避免某些动物访客的选择的结果，也可能是改善与更好的传粉者的相互作用的选择的结果。当专注于蜂鸟授粉时，盆蕊花可能已经进化到改善鸟和花之间的形态匹配，或者排除效率较低的蜜蜂，或者两者兼而有之。我们假设这样的选择可能会影响花粉传递的力学四个花的特点：花药/柱头外露，存在一个较低的花冠唇，花冠筒的宽度，和角度的花倾斜。我们通过手术修改了蜜蜂授粉的P. strictus花，一次改变一个特征，使它们类似于蜂鸟授粉的P. grandatus花，并测量了大黄蜂和蜂鸟的花粉转移。结果表明，除了“亲鸟”的适应，具体的“反蜂”的适应一直是重要的，在塑造蜂鸟花。此外，某些性状变化可能只有在与其他性状一致变化时才被选择。
Floral phenotypes may be as much the result of selection for avoidance of some animal visitors as selection for improving the interaction with better pollinators. When specializing on hummingbird-pollination, Penstemon flowers may have evolved to improve the morphological fit between bird and flower, or to exclude less-efficient bees, or both. We hypothesized how such selection might work on four floral characters that affect the mechanics of pollen transfer: anther/stigma exsertion, presence of a lower corolla lip, width of the corolla tube, and angle of flower inclination. We surgically modified bee-pollinated P. strictus flowers changing one trait at a time to make them resemble hummingbird-pollinated P. barbatus flowers, and measured pollen transfer by bumblebees and hummingbirds. Results suggest that, apart from 'pro-bird' adaptations, specific 'anti-bee' adaptations have been important in shaping hummingbird-flowers. Moreover, some trait changes may have been selected for only if changing in concert with other traits.