The civilizing process in London's Old Bailey
The civilizing process in London's Old Bailey
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1405984111
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
DeDeo, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klingenstein, Sara;Hitchcock, Tim;DeDeo, Simon
陪审团审判是一个关键点，在那里国家和公民走到一起，以确定可接受的行为的限制。在这里，我们提出了一个大规模的定量分析的审判记录从老贝利揭示了一个重大的转变，在性质上的这一决定性的时刻。通过粗粒化的口头证词成同义词集和划分的起诉书的基础上的审判，我们证明了语义上不同的暴力和非暴力的审判类型的出现。我们表明，虽然在18世纪世纪后期的语义内容的暴力犯罪的审判是从非暴力的功能上无法区分的，一个长期的，世俗的趋势驱动系统对暴力和非暴力行为之间越来越明确的区别。我们将这一过程分为驱动它的变化模式，确定官僚变革和更广泛的文化转变的相对影响，并确定最负责最终体裁可重复性的同义词集。这项工作为了解伴随国家垄断暴力而发生的文化和制度变革提供了一个新的窗口，定性历史分析将其描述为文明进程。
The jury trial is a critical point where the state and its citizens come together to define the limits of acceptable behavior. Here we present a large-scale quantitative analysis of trial transcripts from the Old Bailey that reveal a major transition in the nature of this defining moment. By coarse-graining the spoken word testimony into synonym sets and dividing the trials based on indictment, we demonstrate the emergence of semantically distinct violent and nonviolent trial genres. We show that although in the late 18th century the semantic content of trials for violent offenses is functionally indistinguishable from that for nonviolent ones, a long-term, secular trend drives the system toward increasingly clear distinctions between violent and nonviolent acts. We separate this process into the shifting patterns that drive it, determine the relative effects of bureaucratic change and broader cultural shifts, and identify the synonym sets most responsible for the eventual genre distinguishability. This work provides a new window onto the cultural and institutional changes that accompany the monopolization of violence by the state, described in qualitative historical analysis as the civilizing process.