Gender differences in the relationship of partner's social class to behavioural risk factors and social support in the Whitehall II study
Gender differences in the relationship of partner's social class to behavioural risk factors and social support in the Whitehall II study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.03.002
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发表时间：
2004-11-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Marmot, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bartley, M;Martikainen, P;Marmot, M
在大多数国家，如果妇女的社会经济地位是根据男性伴侣或配偶的职业而不是妇女自己的职业来衡量的，那么妇女在健康方面的不平等似乎更大。很少有研究表明，男性健康状况因其女性伴侣的职业而存在社会梯度。本文旨在探讨男性和女性之间的心血管疾病的社会不平等的差异的原因，通过分析自己或配偶（或合作伙伴）的社会经济地位和一组流行的慢性病的危险因素之间的关联。研究参与者是已婚或同居的伦敦的公务员包括在白厅II研究。研究参与者的社会经济地位是根据公务员等级来衡量的;配偶和伴侣的社会经济地位是根据注册总署的社会阶层模式来衡量的。风险因素包括吸烟、饮食、运动、饮酒和社会支持措施。在任何情况下，女性伴侣的社会经济地位对风险因素暴露的影响都大于男性研究参与者。妻子的社会阶层成员身份与白厅男性参与者吸烟或很少锻炼的可能性没有任何关系。相反，女性参与者的运动，特别是吸烟习惯，与配偶的社会阶层有关，而与她们自己的职业等级无关。饮食质量同样受到男女伴侣社会经济地位的影响。与行为风险因素不同，妇女参与者报告的社会支持程度一般不会受到其丈夫或伴侣处于较低社会阶层的强烈负面影响。然而，非就业的丈夫或合作伙伴是与相对较低的水平，积极的，更高的消极的社会支持，而男性与非工作的妻子或合作伙伴不受影响。我们面临的事实是，发展的概念模型，可以一贯适用于病因学在男性和女性仍然处于发展的早期阶段。在调查健康和风险因素方面的性别差异时，需要密切关注家庭内部物质权力和“情感权力”背后的不同过程。(C)2004爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
In most countries health inequality in women appears to be greater when their socio-economic position is measured according to the occupation of male partners or spouses than the women's own occupations. Very few studies show social gradients in men's health according to the occupation of their female partners. This paper aims to explore the reasons for the differences in social inequality in cardiovascular disease between men and women by analysing the associations between own or spouses (or partners) socio-economic position and a set of risk factors for prevalent chronic diseases.Study participants were married or cohabiting London based civil servants included in the Whitehall II study. Socioeconomic position of study participants was measured according to civil service grade; socio-economic position of the spouses and partners according to the Registrar General's social class schema. Risk factors were smoking, diet, exercise, alcohol consumption, and measures of social support. In no case was risk factor exposure more affected by the socioeconomic position of a female partner than that of a male study participant. Wives' social class membership made no difference at all to the likelihood that male Whitehall participants were smokers, or took little exercise. Female participants' exercise and particularly smoking habit was, in contrast, related to their spouse's social class independently of their own grade of employment. Diet quality was affected equally by the socio-economic position of both male and female partners. Unlike the behavioural risk factors, the degree of social support reported by women participants was in general not strongly negatively affected by their husband or partner being in a less advantaged social class. However, non-employment in the husband or partner was associated with relatively lower levels of positive, and higher negative social support, while men with non-working wives or partners were unaffected.Studying gender differences in health inequality highlights some of the problems in health inequality research more broadly. We are brought face to face with the fact that the development of conceptual models that can be applied consistently to aetiology in both men and women are still at an early stage of development. Closer attention is needed to the different processes behind material power and 'emotional power' within the household when investigating gender differences in health and risk factors. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.