Impact of ship emissions on the Mediterranean summertime pollution and climate: A regional model study
Impact of ship emissions on the Mediterranean summertime pollution and climate: A regional model study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.014
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发表时间：
2005-08
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
É. Marmer;B. Langmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
É. Marmer;B. Langmann
船舶排放对夏季地中海地区的大气污染造成重大影响，从而通过硫酸盐气溶胶强迫改变辐射收支。通过应用区域大气化学模型和辐射模型，我们确定了次生微量气体和气溶胶的季节变化、它们的起源以及对气候的影响。夏季地中海上空的平均硫酸盐气溶胶柱负荷为 7.8mgm−2，明显高于欧洲平均值 4.7mgm−2。将硫氧化物排放分为土地和水源，可以研究它们各自对硫酸盐气溶胶浓度、总负荷和直接辐射强迫的影响。夏季地中海上空硫酸盐气溶胶柱总量的 54% 来自船舶排放。因此，它们对直接辐射强迫的贡献超过 50%。在没有船舶排放的情况下运行该模型可显着降低硫酸盐、臭氧、硝酸、羟基自由基和甲醛的近表面浓度。由于所应用的船舶排放清单基于 1990 年，并且模型结果往往低估了受船舶排放影响的地中海地区观测到的浓度，因此我们假设过去十年中船舶排放量的增加对二次污染的形成和辐射强迫的贡献更大。
Ship emissions contribute substantially to atmospheric pollution over the summertime Mediterranean region, thereby modifying the radiation budget through sulfate aerosol forcing. By applying a regional atmospheric-chemistry model and a radiation model we determine the seasonal variability of secondary trace gases and aerosols, their origin and impact on climate. Summer mean sulfate aerosol column burden over the Mediterranean is 7.8mgm−2and remarkably higher than the European mean of 4.7mgm−2. Partitioning SOxemissions into land and water sources allows to investigate their respective impact on the sulfate aerosol concentration, its total burden and direct radiative forcing. 54% of the total sulfate aerosol column burden over the Mediterranean in summer originates from ship emissions. Accordingly, they contribute over 50% to the direct radiative forcing. Running the model without ship emissions significantly reduces near surface concentration of sulfate, ozone, nitric acid, hydroxy radicals and formaldehyde. As the applied ship emission inventory is based on the year 1990 and model results tend to underestimate observed concentrations at Mediterranean locations influenced by ship emissions, we assume that increased ship emissions during the past decade contribute nowadays even stronger to secondary pollution formation and radiative forcing.