Long-term psychological distress of Bosnian war survivors: an 11-year follow-up of former displaced persons, returnees, and stayers
Long-term psychological distress of Bosnian war survivors: an 11-year follow-up of former displaced persons, returnees, and stayers
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DOI：
10.1186/s12888-018-1996-0
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发表时间：
2019-01-03
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Rosner, Rita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Comtesse, Hannah;Powell, Steve;Rosner, Rita
背景关于战争和流离失所对生活在冲突后国家的平民的长期心理健康影响的研究很少。本研究的目的是检验波斯尼亚战争幸存者在11年期间的三个样本的发展轨迹和一般心理痛苦的预测因素。方法1998/99年，在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那战争后大约三年，具有代表性的299名萨拉热窝成年公民被分成三个子样本：围困期间留在萨拉热窝的个人、国内流离失所的个人和返回的难民。在138名11年后可以找到的研究参与者中，100人(71%)使用简明症状问卷进行了重新评估。结果随着时间的推移，留下来的幸存者的心理症状和一般心理痛苦都有所减少，而归国人员的心理痛苦有所增加。前流离失所者没有表现出任何重大变化。在控制了其他因素后，战争前和战争期间的累积创伤暴露预测了基线上的一般心理痛苦。11年后，战争期间和战后较高的创伤暴露、归国人员身份和当前更多的应激源都与较高的一般心理痛苦水平相关。结论波斯尼亚战争幸存者中的三个亚样本的心理症状水平仍然很高。不同的症状轨迹可能对应于不同的战争经历和当代的压力源。尽管如此，战争创伤对精神痛苦的累积影响在战争和流离失所后持续了十多年，尽管当前应激源的影响似乎随着时间的推移而增加。
BackgroundResearch on the long-term mental health consequences of war and displacement among civilians who live in post-conflict countries is rare. The aim of this study was to examine the developmental trajectories and predictors of general psychological distress in three samples of Bosnian war survivors over an 11-year period.MethodsIn 1998/99, about three years after the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a representative sample of 299 adult Sarajevo citizens was examined in three subsamples: individuals who had stayed in Sarajevo throughout the siege, individuals who had been internally displaced, and refugees who had returned. Of the 138 study participants who could be located 11years later, 100 were re-assessed (71%) using the Brief Symptom Inventory.ResultsOver time, psychological symptoms and general psychological distress decreased in those survivors who had stayed and increased in returnees. Former displaced persons did not show any significant changes. After controlling for other factors, cumulative trauma exposure before and during the war predicted general psychological distress at baseline. Eleven years later, higher trauma exposure during and after the war, returnee status, and more current stressors were all associated with higher levels of general psychological distress.ConclusionsLevels of psychological symptoms remained high in three subsamples of Bosnian war survivors. The differential symptom trajectories may correspond to distinct war experiences and contemporary stressors. Still, the cumulative effect of war traumata on mental distress persisted more than a decade after war and displacement, although the influence of current stressors seemed to increase over time.