A CROSS-LANGUAGE STUDY OF PROSODIC MODIFICATIONS IN MOTHERS AND FATHERS SPEECH TO PREVERBAL INFANTS
A CROSS-LANGUAGE STUDY OF PROSODIC MODIFICATIONS IN MOTHERS AND FATHERS SPEECH TO PREVERBAL INFANTS
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DOI：
10.1017/s0305000900010679
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发表时间：
1989-10-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
FUKUI, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FERNALD, A;TAESCHNER, T;FUKUI, I
本研究比较了法语、意大利语、德语、日语、英式英语和美式英语中母亲和父亲讲话的韵律修饰性。在数据收集和分析的每个阶段，标准化的程序被用来提高数据集之间的可比性，这对于有效地跨语言比较父母言语的韵律特征是必不可少的。在六组语言中的每一组中，五名母亲和五名父亲在与0岁、10-1岁、2岁的婴儿和一名成年人交谈时，被记录在半结构化的家庭观察中。语音样本被仪器分析以测量七个韵律参数：平均基频(F0)、f0-最小值、f0-最大值、f0-范围、f0-可变性、发声持续时间和停顿持续时间。结果表明，父母对婴儿说话时使用的韵律修饰模式具有跨语言一致性。在不同的语言中，母亲和父亲使用的平均f0、f0最小值和f0最大值、更大的f0可变性、更短的发音和更长的停顿，在婴儿指导的语言中比成人指导的语言中更长。母亲，而不是父亲，在对婴儿讲话时使用了更宽的f0范围。美国英语父母的韵律变化最严重，在对婴儿讲话时语调夸张的程度上与其他语言组不同。这些结果揭示了照顾者在不同语言中使用语调的共同模式，这些语调可能在发育过程中调节婴儿的唤醒和注意力，交流情感，促进言语感知和语言理解。除了为婴儿言语中可能的普遍韵律特征提供证据外，这些结果还表明，特定语言的变异也很重要，许多基于美国英语的早期语言输入研究的结果不一定适用于其他文化。
This study compares the prosodie modifications in mothers' and fathers' speech to preverbal infants in French, Italian, German, Japanese, British English, and American English. At every stage of data collection and analysis, standardized procedures were used to enhance the comparability across data sets that is essential for valid cross-language comparison of the prosodie features of parental speech. In each of the six language groups, five mothers and five fathers were recorded in semi-structured home observations while speaking to their infant aged 0; 10–1;2 and to an adult. Speech samples were instrumentally analysed to measure seven prosodic parameters: mean fundamental frequency (f0), f0-minimum, f0-maximum, f0-range, f0-variability, utterance duration, and pause duration. Results showed cross-language consistency in the patterns of prosodic modification used in parental speech to infants. Across languages, both mothers and fathers used higher mean-f0, f0-minimum, and f0-maximum, greater f0-variability, shorter utterances, and longer pauses in infant-directed speech than in adult-directed speech. Mothers, but not fathers, used a wider f0-range in speech to infants. American English parents showed the most extreme prosodic modifications, differing from the other language groups in the extent of intonational exaggeration in Speech to infants. These results reveal common patterns in caretaker's use of intonation across languages, which may function developmentally to regulate infant arousal and attention, to communicate affect, and to facilitate speech perception and language comprehension. In addition to providing evidence for possibly universal prosodic features of speech to infants, these results suggest that language-specific variations are also important, and that the findings of the numerous studies of early language input based on American English are not necessarily generalisable to other cultures.