On the modelling of tropical tree growth: the importance of intra-specific trait variation, non-linear functions and phenotypic integration
On the modelling of tropical tree growth: the importance of intra-specific trait variation, non-linear functions and phenotypic integration
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热带树木生长建模：种内性状变异、非线性函数和表型整合的重要性
DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcaa085
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Nathan G Swenson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jie Yang;Xiaoyang Song;Min Cao;Xiaobao Deng;Wenfu Zhang;Xiaofei Yang;Nathan G Swenson
在人们的生计依赖畜牧业的贫穷农村地区，人与大型食肉动物之间的冲突加剧。在这里，我们提出了一个伪实验和共同参与的方法来测试一个程序，以减轻与美洲虎（豹onca）在墨西哥的玛雅森林冲突的有效性。我们与11个牧场主合作，最近的美洲虎捕食牲畜的历史，共同设计，实施和评估的变化，在他们的畜牧业的做法，旨在减少捕食的风险，提高牲畜生产力。我们使用四个参数来评估该计划的有效性，发现（1）使用电围栏和夜间围栏大大降低了对牲畜的捕食率;（2）建造这种保护基础设施的成本在经济上被捕食损失的减少所抵消;（3）更多基于科学的畜牧业实践的应用导致了牲畜生产力的整体提高;（4）美洲虎在11个牧场中至少有7个牧场存在，表明缺乏捕食并不是因为美洲虎的缺席。我们简洁的结果表明，当地社区和大型食肉动物之间的冲突可以通过牧场主的能力建设和应用循证畜牧技术在很大程度上得到缓解。这种方法为美洲豹和当地社区带来了双赢的局面，因此可以扩大规模，促进玛雅森林和其他地方的人与大型食肉动物之间的共存。
Conflicts between humans and large carnivores are exacerbated in poor rural areas where people's livelihood depends on livestock ranching. Here we present a pseudo-experimental and co-participatory approach to test the effectiveness of a program to mitigate conflicts with jaguars (Panthera onca) in Mexico's Mayan Forest. We worked with eleven ranchers with a recent history of livestock predation by jaguars to codesign, implement, and evaluate changes in their husbandry practices intended to reduce the risk of predation and to increase livestock productivity. We used four parameters to evaluate the effectiveness of the program and found that (1) the use of electric fences and night enclosures greatly reduced the rate of predation on the livestock; (2) the cost of building such protection infrastructure was financially offset by the lack of losses to predation; (3) the application of more science-based husbandry practices led to an overall increase in livestock productivity; and (4) jaguar presence in at least seven of the eleven ranches, showing that the lack of predation was not due to jaguar absence. Our neat results show that conflict between local communities and large carnivores can be largely mitigated through ranchers' capacity building and applying evidence-based husbandry techniques. This approach leads to win-win situations for both jaguars and the local communities and hence can be scaled up to promote coexistence between people and large carnivores in the Mayan Forest and elsewhere.