Executive functions in children aged 6 to 13: A dimensional and developmental study
Executive functions in children aged 6 to 13: A dimensional and developmental study
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DOI：
10.1207/s15326942dn2602_3
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Bohlin, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brocki, KC;Bohlin, G
本研究采用横断面研究方法，对92名6~13岁儿童的执行功能进行了维度和发展的研究。这些措施来自执行功能的发展相关概念化，包括去/不去任务，语言流畅性任务，连续性能任务，Stroop样任务，手部动作任务和数字跨度任务。分析显示3个维度解释为去抑制，速度/唤醒和工作记忆/流畅性。年龄和性别的差异进行了分析划定的功能，这意味着，结果可能会采取代表年龄的影响，在执行域内的特定过程的水平，而不是在单一的测试。儿童在所有三个维度上的表现都表现出了依赖于年龄的变化，其中有三个特别活跃的成熟阶段：幼儿期（6 - 8岁），幼儿期（9 - 12岁）和青春期早期。性别差异只被发现的速度/唤醒维度。结果进行了讨论，在2个发展的执行功能框架（Barkley，1997 b; Roberts &彭宁顿，1996），抑制和抑制和工作记忆之间的相互作用，分别被视为执行功能的发展的关键。
A cross-sectional study using 92 children aged 6 to 13 years investigated the dimensionality and the development of executive functioning. The measures were drawn from developmentally relevant conceptualizations of executive functioning and included a go/no-go task, a verbal fluency task, a continuous performance task, a Stroop-like task, a hand movements task, and a digit span task. Analyses revealed 3 dimensions interpreted as Disinhibition, Speed/arousal, and Working memory/Fluency. Age and sex differences were analyzed for the delineated functions, which means that the results may be taken to represent age effects at the level of specific processes within the executive domain rather than on single tests. Age-dependent changes in children's performance on all 3 dimensions were demonstrated, with 3 particularly active stages of maturation: early childhood (6-8 years of age), middle childhood (9-12 years of age), and during early adolescence. Sex differences were only found for the speed/arousal dimension. The results are discussed in terms of 2 developmental executive function frameworks (Barkley, 1997b; Roberts & Pennington, 1996), where inhibition and the interaction between inhibition and working memory, respectively, are seen as key in the development of executive functioning.