Genetic examination of the type specimen of Ulva australis suggests that it was introduced to Australia
Genetic examination of the type specimen of Ulva australis suggests that it was introduced to Australia
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DOI：
10.1111/pre.12222
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Kawai, Hiroshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanyuda, Takeaki;Kawai, Hiroshi
Anaosa '是日本最常见的海洋绿色藻类之一，1897年在日本北方的函馆被描述为孔石莼（Ulva pertusa Kangman）。孔石莼被认为是一个温带种，其原产地分布范围仅限于亚洲东北部。虽然本种在亚洲东北部以外的多个地区均有报告，但这些记录被解释为非原住民种群。近年来，美国在遗传学数据和命名优先权的基础上，提出了一种新的分类方法。pertusa与U. australis Areschoug，一个在1851年从收集于南澳的标本中描述的种。根据遗传学研究，澳大利亚人口被确定为美国。pertusa曾被认为起源于日本。然而，已发表的关于美国的基因数据。澳大利亚的australis仅基于最近的收集，没有历史标本被检查过。我们测试了假设，自然（真）U。australis是一个独立的种，与U.但它对海岸线栖息地的自然统治已被引入的U。产于亚洲。本研究从中国南方稻纵卷叶螟模式标本中提取DNA。australis的叶绿体rbcL基因和核rDNA ITS2区的DNA序列。我们的研究结果表明，U。australis和U. pertusa在基因上几乎是相同的，这证实了U. pertusa是U.澳大利亚。这表明，美国的引进。澳大利亚的模式标本在世纪中期被采集，并且在日本和澳大利亚之间有一条直接的海运路线之前。我们推测，美国的引进。澳大利亚发生的二次引进，从非土著居民在东北亚，但不是直接从日本。
Ana-aosa', one of the most common marine green algae in Japan, was described as Ulva pertusa Kjellman in 1897 from Hakodate in northern Japan. Ulva pertusa was considered to be a temperate species, with its native distributional range restricted to northeastern Asia. Although this species has been reported from various regions outside northeastern Asia, these records have been explained as non-indigenous populations. Recently, on the basis of genetic data and nomenclatural priority, U. pertusa was synonymized with U. australis Areschoug, a species described in 1851 from specimens collected in South Australia. Based on genetic studies, Australian populations identified as U. pertusa had been considered to have originated from Japan. However, the published genetic data on U. australis in Australia have been based only on recent collections and no historical specimens have been examined. We tested the hypothesis that native (true) U. australis is an independent species of very similar morphology to U. pertusa, but that its natural domination of shoreline habitats has been suppressed by introduced populations of U. pertusa from Asia. In the present study, we extracted DNA from the type specimen of U. australis housed in the Swedish Museum of Natural History (S) and obtained DNA sequences of the chloroplast rbcL gene and the nuclear rDNA ITS2 region. Our results show that U. australis and U. pertusa are genetically virtually identical, confirming that U. pertusa is a synonym of U. australis. This suggests that the introduction of U. australis to Australia occurred by the middle of the 19th century, when the type was collected and before there was a direct shipping route between Japan and Australia. We speculate that the introduction of U. australis to Australia occurred as a secondary introduction from non-indigenous populations in northeastern Asia, but not directly from Japan.