Publisher Correction: Patterning of the cell cortex by Rho GTPases.
Publisher Correction: Patterning of the cell cortex by Rho GTPases.
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出版商更正：Rho GTPases 对细胞皮层的图案化。
DOI：
10.1038/s41580-024-00701-7
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bement WM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bement WM
Rho GTP酶- RHOA、RAC 1和CDC 42-是小GTP结合蛋白，其通过促进细胞皮质中基于细胞色素的变化来调节基本生物过程，例如细胞运动、细胞分裂和形态发生。这种调节是由活性（GTP结合的）Rho GTP酶刺激靶蛋白引起的，所述靶蛋白反过来促进肌动蛋白组装和基于肌球蛋白2的收缩以组织皮质。这种基本的调控方案得到了体外研究的充分支持，从而导致了一种自然的假设，即Rho GTP酶在体内以基本上线性的方式起作用，给定的过程由GTP酶激活启动，并由GTP酶失活终止。然而，基于活细胞成像、建模和实验操作的越来越多的证据表明，Rho GTdR的激活和失活通常通过基于正反馈和负反馈的信号通路和网络在空间和时间上紧密耦合。在这篇评论中，我们提出并讨论了这一证据，我们解决耦合激活和失活的基本后果之一：Rho GTPases的自组织能力，也就是说，直接自己的过渡状态的低阶状态的高阶。我们讨论了如何Rho GTvalley自组织的结果形成不同的时空皮层模式，如静态集群，振荡脉冲，行波列车和环状波。最后，我们讨论了Rho GT酶自组织和模式形成对细胞功能的优势。
The Rho GTPases — RHOA, RAC1 and CDC42 — are small GTP binding proteins that regulate basic biological processes such as cell locomotion, cell division and morphogenesis by promoting cytoskeleton-based changes in the cell cortex. This regulation results from active (GTP-bound) Rho GTPases stimulating target proteins that, in turn, promote actin assembly and myosin 2-based contraction to organize the cortex. This basic regulatory scheme, well supported by in vitro studies, led to the natural assumption that Rho GTPases function in vivo in an essentially linear matter, with a given process being initiated by GTPase activation and terminated by GTPase inactivation. However, a growing body of evidence based on live cell imaging, modelling and experimental manipulation indicates that Rho GTPase activation and inactivation are often tightly coupled in space and time via signalling circuits and networks based on positive and negative feedback. In this Review, we present and discuss this evidence, and we address one of the fundamental consequences of coupled activation and inactivation: the ability of the Rho GTPases to self-organize, that is, direct their own transition from states of low order to states of high order. We discuss how Rho GTPase self-organization results in the formation of diverse spatiotemporal cortical patterns such as static clusters, oscillatory pulses, travelling wave trains and ring-like waves. Finally, we discuss the advantages of Rho GTPase self-organization and pattern formation for cell function.