Inhibitory engrams in perception and memory
Inhibitory engrams in perception and memory
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1701812114
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发表时间：
2017-06-27
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Ramaswami, Mani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barron, Helen C.;Vogels, Tim P.;Ramaswami, Mani
神经系统使用兴奋细胞集合来编码和表示感觉知觉。同样，突触连接的细胞集合或“印痕”被认为代表了过去经验的记忆。最近的多项证据表明，大脑系统创造并使用兴奋性表征的抑制性复制品来实现重要的认知功能。这种匹配的“抑制性印记”可以通过抑制在突触后细胞上的稳态增强而形成，突触后细胞表现出增加的兴奋水平。抑制性印记可以减少对熟悉刺激的行为反应，从而导致行为习惯。此外，通过防止兴奋性记忆印痕的不适当激活，抑制性记忆印痕可以使记忆处于静止状态，以一种可用于情境相关激活的潜在形式存储。在兴奋性和抑制性印痕平衡的神经网络中，先天反应的释放和联想记忆的回忆可以通过集中的去抑制发生。了解体内抑制印记形成和表达的调控机制不仅有助于解释认知的关键特征，还有助于深入了解与精神疾病（如自闭症、精神分裂症和创伤后应激障碍）相关的跨诊断特征。
Nervous systems use excitatory cell assemblies to encode and represent sensory percepts. Similarly, synaptically connected cell assemblies or "engrams" are thought to represent memories of past experience. Multiple lines of recent evidence indicate that brain systems create and use inhibitory replicas of excitatory representations for important cognitive functions. Such matched "inhibitory engrams" can form through homeostatic potentiation of inhibition onto postsynaptic cells that show increased levels of excitation. Inhibitory engrams can reduce behavioral responses to familiar stimuli, thereby resulting in behavioral habituation. In addition, by preventing inappropriate activation of excitatory memory engrams, inhibitory engrams can make memories quiescent, stored in a latent form that is available for context-relevant activation. In neural networks with balanced excitatory and inhibitory engrams, the release of innate responses and recall of associative memories can occur through focused disinhibition. Understanding mechanisms that regulate the formation and expression of inhibitory engrams in vivo may help not only to explain key features of cognition but also to provide insight into transdiagnostic traits associated with psychiatric conditions such as autism, schizophrenia, and posttraumatic stress disorder.