Properties of diamond and diamond films
Properties of diamond and diamond films
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金刚石和金刚石薄膜的特性
DOI：
10.1070/pu1995v038n09abeh001490
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
V S Vavilov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V S Vavilov
富勒烯代表了碳的一种新的各向异性形式，其中原子形成封闭的表面。这类化合物包括球形和类球形的封闭分子，如C 6 0、C 7 0等，以及具有表面结构的扩展碳构型（纳米管）。虽然富勒烯的历史很短，但这一科学分支正在迅速发展，并不断吸引新的研究者。富勒烯的学科可以细分为三个分支：富勒烯的物理、化学和技术。富勒烯物理学研究富勒烯及其化合物在各种相态下的结构、机械、电、磁和光学性质。它还包括这些化合物中碳原子之间相互作用的性质，富勒烯分子的光谱学以及由富勒烯分子组成的系统的性质和结构。富勒烯物理学是这门学科最前沿的分支。富勒烯的化学包括基于封闭碳分子的新化合物的制备和研究，以及它们参与的化学过程。它的概念和研究方法在许多方面与传统化学有着根本的区别。富勒烯的技术包括这些化合物的制备方法及其各种应用。这些应用程序值得特别注意。一方面，富勒烯有一个巨大的潜在用途清单。另一方面，在不久的将来，期望任何富勒烯的应用将支付对该主题的研究费用是不合理的。因此，富勒烯问题的应用方面需要长期的研究和试验，成功将需要艰苦和持续的努力。富勒烯应用的另一个方面是，不仅在达成解决方案的准备阶段，而且在将其付诸实践方面都具有很高的科学含量。例如，让我们考虑一种药物，其中富勒烯被用作方便的中性碱。然后，在制造这种化合物的阶段，必须使用与实验室中相同的富勒烯检测方法。的
Fullerenes represent a new alio tropic form of carbon in which the atoms form closed surfaces. This class of compounds includes closed molecules of both spherical and spheroidal shape, such as C 6 0 , C 7 0 , and others, as well as extended carbon configurations with a surface structure (nanotubes). Although fullerenes have only a short history, this branch of science is growing rapidly and attracting continuously new investigators. The subject of fullerenes can be subdivided into three branches: the physics, chemistry, and technology of fullerenes. The physics of fullerenes deals with the structural, mechanical, electric, magnetic, and optical properties of fullerenes and their compounds in various phase states. It includes also the nature of the interaction between carbon atoms in these compounds, the spectroscopy of fullerene molecules, and the properties and structure of systems consisting of fullerene molecules. The physics of fullerenes is the most advanced branch of the subject. The chemistry of fullerenes comprises preparation and study of new chemical compounds based on closed carbon molecules, and the chemical processes in which they participate. The concepts and investigation methods dis tinguish this branch of chemistry in many fundamental ways from traditional chemistry. The technology of fullerenes includes both the methods for the fabrication of these compounds and their various applications. The applications deserve special attention. On the one hand, there is a huge list of potential uses for fullerenes. On the other hand, it is not reasonable to expect that any of the fullerene applications will pay, in the near future, for the cost of research on the subject. The applied aspects of the problem of fullerenes thus require long-term research and tests, and the success will require painstaking and sustained efforts. One other aspect of the application of fullerenes is the high scientific content not only at the preparatory stages of reaching a solution, but also in putting it into practice. Let us consider, for example, a medicine in which a fullerene is used as a convenient neutral base. Then, at the stage of manufacture of this compound one has to use the same fullerene detection methods as in the laboratory. The