Motor areas in the frontal lobe of the primate
Motor areas in the frontal lobe of the primate
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DOI：
10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00929-0
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发表时间：
2002-12-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Strick, PL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dum, RP;Strick, PL
我们对皮质运动区的概念发生了实质性的变化。现在很清楚，灵长类动物的额叶包含至少六个直接投射到初级运动皮层（MI）的运动前区。两个运动前区，腹侧运动前区（PMv）和背侧运动前区（PMd），位于半球的外侧表面。四个运动前区位于大脑半球的内侧壁上，包括辅助运动区（SMA）和三个扣带运动区。这些运动前区中的每一个都有大量的直接投射到脊髓。来自运动前区的皮质脊髓轴突终止于脊髓的中间区，有些也终止于运动神经元周围的腹角。在这方面，运动前区类似于MI，似乎与脊髓运动神经元，特别是支配手部肌肉的运动神经元有直接联系。此外，它是可能的，以引起运动前区中的相对较低的电流使用皮质内刺激的远侧和近侧前肢的运动。因此，运动前区似乎有可能影响运动的控制，不仅在MI的水平，但也更直接地在脊髓的水平。由于这些原因，我们认为运动前区可能在与MI相当的层次上运作。我们建议，每个运动前区是一个功能不同的传出系统，差异产生和/或控制运动行为的特定方面。(C)2002年爱思唯尔科技有限公司All rights reserved.
There has been a substantial change in our concepts about the cortical motor areas. It is now clear that the frontal lobe of primates contains at least six premotor areas that project directly to the primary motor cortex (M I). Two premotor areas, the ventral premotor area (PMv) and the dorsal premotor area (PMd), are located on the lateral surface of the hemisphere. Four premotor areas are located on the medial wall of the hemisphere and include the supplementary motor area (SMA) and three cingulate motor areas. Each of these premotor areas has substantial direct projections to the spinal cord. Corticospinal axons from the premotor areas terminate in the intermediate zone of the spinal cord, and some also terminate in the ventral horn around motoneurons. In this respect, the premotor areas are like MI and appear to have direct connections with spinal motoneurons, particularly those innervating hand muscles. Furthermore, it is possible to evoke movements of the distal and proximal forelimb using intracortical stimulation at relatively low currents in the premotor areas. Thus, the premotor areas appear to have the potential to influence the control of movement not only at the level of M I, but also more directly at the level of the spinal cord. For these reasons, we have suggested that the premotor areas may operate at a hierarchical level comparable to MI. We propose that each premotor area is a functionally distinct efferent system that differentially generates and/or controls specific aspects of motor behavior. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.