Cholecystokinin and the hormone concept.
Cholecystokinin and the hormone concept.
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胆囊收缩素和激素概念。
DOI：
10.1530/ec-21-0025
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Rehfeld JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rehfeld JF
内分泌学的出生证明是贝利斯和斯塔林在1902年证明的，身体功能的调节不仅是神经元的，也是血液传播的信使的结果。斯塔林将这些信使命名为荷尔蒙。从那时起，血液运输就成了荷尔蒙的定义。然而，这个定义可能太狭隘了。因此，今天我们知道，几种肽激素不仅由内分泌细胞产生并释放到血液中，还从神经元、心肌细胞、免疫细胞、内皮细胞、生精细胞、脂肪细胞等释放。它们往往以细胞特有的分子形式分泌，具有或多或少不同的活性光谱。目前的综述描述了这一进展，关于胆囊收缩素的故事，它是在1928年被发现作为一种激素，仍然在1976年被认为是单一的血源性多肽。今天对胆囊收缩素的多方面研究表明，将荷尔蒙概念扩展到所有信使分子的时机可能已经成熟，这些信使分子激活它们的靶细胞--无论它们通向靶细胞的途径是什么(内分泌、神经分泌、神经元、旁分泌、自分泌等)。而不考虑它们的活动种类，如经典激素、生长因子、神经递质、脂肪因子、细胞因子、肌肉因子或生育因子。
The birth certificate for endocrinology was Bayliss’ and Starling’s demonstration in 1902 that regulation of bodily functions is not only neuronal but also due to blood-borne messengers. Starling named these messengers hormones. Since then transport via blood has defined hormones. This definition, however, may be too narrow. Thus, today we know that several peptide hormones are not only produced and released to blood from endocrine cells but also released from neurons, myocytes, immune cells, endothelial cells, spermatogenic cells, fat cells, etc. And they are often secreted in cell-specific molecular forms with more or less different spectra of activity. The present review depicts this development with the story about cholecystokinin which was discovered in 1928 as a hormone and still in 1976 was conceived as a single blood-borne peptide. Today’s multifaceted picture of cholecystokinin suggests that time may be ripe for expansion of the hormone concept to all messenger molecules, which activate their target cells – irrespective of their road to the target (endocrine, neurocrine, neuronal, paracrine, autocrine, etc.) and irrespective of their kind of activity as classical hormone, growth factor, neurotransmitter, adipokine, cytokine, myokine, or fertility factor.