HIV infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention
HIV infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60164-1
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发表时间：
2014-07-19
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Lewin, Sharon R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maartens, Gary;Celum, Connie;Lewin, Sharon R.
尽管新感染人数从 2002 年的 3 300 万下降到 2012 年的 2 300 万，但由于接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的人寿命延长，全球艾滋病毒感染率正在上升。2005 年，全球艾滋病相关死亡人数达到峰值 2 300 万，到 2012 年下降到 1 600 万。到 2012 年，低收入和中等收入国家估计有 9 700 万人开始接受抗逆转录病毒治疗。深入了解其机制 潜伏感染和感染储存库的重要性最终可能导致治愈。免疫激活在非艾滋病临床事件（抗逆转录病毒治疗人群发病和死亡的主要原因）发病机制中的作用越来越受到人们的认识。对公共卫生具有重要意义的艾滋病毒预防方面的突破包括男性包皮环切术、预防母婴传播的抗逆转录病毒药物、针对艾滋病毒感染者进行抗逆转录病毒治疗以预防传播，以及用于暴露前预防的抗逆转录病毒药物。对其他预防干预措施的研究正在进行中，特别是疫苗和阴道杀菌剂。
HIV prevalence is increasing worldwide because people on antiretroviral therapy are living longer, although new infections decreased from 3 3 million in 2002, to 2 3 million in 2012. Global AIDS-related deaths peaked at 2 3 million in 2005, and decreased to 1 6 million by 2012. An estimated 9 7 million people in low-income and middle-income countries had started antiretroviral therapy by 2012. New insights into the mechanisms of latent infection and the importance of reservoirs of infection might eventually lead to a cure. The role of immune activation in the pathogenesis of non-AIDS clinical events (major causes of morbidity and mortality in people on antiretroviral therapy) is receiving increased recognition. Breakthroughs in the prevention of HIV important to public health include male medical circumcision, antiretrovirals to prevent mother-to-child transmission, antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV to prevent transmission, and antiretrovirals for pre-exposure prophylaxis. Research into other prevention interventions, notably vaccines and vaginal microbicides, is in progress.