The effectiveness of vehicle security devices and their role in the crime drop
The effectiveness of vehicle security devices and their role in the crime drop
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DOI：
10.1177/1748895810392190
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Tilley, Nick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farrell, Graham;Tseloni, Andromachi;Tilley, Nick
作为更广泛的犯罪下降的一部分，英国的汽车盗窃案比 20 世纪 90 年代中期下降了三分之二，这归因于车辆安全性的改善。本研究开发了一种安全影响评估工具（SIAT）来衡量单个安全设备及其组合的贡献。得出的影响指标称为安全保护系数 (SPF)。配备中控锁、电子防盗装置和警报器的汽车被评定为“SPF 25”，也就是说，它们被盗的可能性比没有安全装置的汽车低 25 倍。这种影响大于这些设备单独贡献的预期，并且归因于交互效应。人们发现跟踪设备特别有效，但比较罕见。对汽车盗窃的保护效果比对汽车盗窃或企图盗窃的保护效果更大，这几乎肯定反映了电子防盗器给窃贼带来的困难。建议这种类型的分析可以有效地扩展到其他犯罪类型和安全组合。该分析还支持了基于日常生活犯罪学的“安全假说”部分，该假说是对国内和国际主要犯罪下降的解释。
Car theft in the UK fell two-thirds from the mid-1990s as part of more widespread crime drops, and has been attributed to improved vehicle security. This study develops a Security Impact Assessment Tool (SIAT) to gauge the contribution of individual security devices and their combination. The metric of impact derived is termed the Security Protection Factor (SPF). Cars with central locking plus an electronic immobilizer, and often an alarm, are found to be 'SPF 25', that is, they were up to 25 times less likely to be stolen than those without security. That impact is greater than expected from the individual contributions of those devices, and is attributed to interaction effects. Tracking devices are found to be particularly effective but rarer. Protective effects were greater against theft of cars than against theft from cars or attempts, almost certainly reflecting the difficulty imposed on thieves by electronic immobilizers. It is suggested that this type of analysis could be usefully extended to other crime types and security combinations. The analysis also lends support to a 'security hypothesis' component of an explanation for the major national and international crime drops that is based in the criminologies of everyday life.