THE UROHYAL - DEVELOPMENT AND HOMOLOGY WITHIN OSTEICHTHYANS
THE UROHYAL - DEVELOPMENT AND HOMOLOGY WITHIN OSTEICHTHYANS
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DOI：
10.1002/jmor.1052030302
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发表时间：
1990-03-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
SCHULTZE, HP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ARRATIA, G;SCHULTZE, HP
基鳃区腹侧不成对结构的形成，即所谓的urohyal，在硬骨鱼类中是不同的。一个软骨性的预先形成的不成对的“尿舌骨”存在于肉样癌。多鳍畸形有三腱骨化。在Amia和Lepisosteus中都没有“urohyal”或urohyal。作为胸骨舌骨肌肌腱的不成对骨化形成的尾舌骨是硬骨鱼的特征。一个新的结构，parurohyal，出现作为一个双重骨化的胸骨舌骨肌肌腱的siluroids;在个体发育过程中，前背嵴或杯状结构来自前基鳃区和腱骨;因此，parurohyal是复合的起源。从它们的形成和它们在硬骨鱼类中的分布来看，软骨的预形成的“urohyal”和硬骨鱼类的urohyal是不同源的，而urohyal和parurohyal是同源的。在大多数硬骨鱼类中，尾舌骨通过韧带与腹侧下舌骨相连，而在硬骨鱼类中，尾舌骨与腹侧下舌骨相连，如Angiulla和Chanos。副舌骨是类硅体的一种突触形态。鲶类的副舌骨与腹下舌骨和背下舌骨都有关节连接，在双囊鲶和叉尾鲶类中，副舌骨与基鳃区也有关节连接，而在其他鲶类中，副舌骨仅与腹下舌骨有关节连接。下鳃动脉通过舌骨旁的下鳃孔是象鼻虫的一个独特特征，就像没有基舌骨一样。一个骨化的背下舌骨出现在个体发育后期的Amia，因为做齿板有关的内侧的舌骨弓和branchiostegal射线的Amia，和齿板上的舌骨弓和branchiostegal射线的Elops（在现存的硬骨鱼的独特功能）。两个骨化的下舌骨，硬骨鱼类的突触，存在于个体发育的早期。在头部骨骼的骨化发生中存在种内变异，但在确定的结构系统中骨骼之间的骨化顺序是保守的（例如， 鳃骨条首先骨化，然后是舌骨弓的骨）。
The formation of the unpaired structure ventral to the basibranchial region, the so-called urohyal, differs within osteichthyans. A cartilaginous preformed unpaired "urohyal" is present in sarcopterygians. A three-tendon ossification is present in Polypterus. An "urohyal" or urohyal is absent in both Amia and Lepisosteus. The urohyal formed as an unpaired ossification of the tendon of the sternohyoideus muscle is a feature of teleosts. A new structure, the parurohyal, arises as a double ossification of the tendon of the sternohyoideus muscle in siluroids; during ontogeny an anterodorsal crest or cup-like structure derives from the anterior basibranchial region and the tendon bone; therefore, the parurohyal is compound in origin. Judging from their formation and their distribution within osteichthyans the cartilaginous preformed "urohyal" and the teleostean urohyal are nonhomologous, whereas the urohyal and parurohyal are homologous. The urohyal is connected by ligaments with the ventral hypohyals in most teleosts, whereas it articulates with the ventral hypohyals in teleosts such as Angiulla and Chanos. The parurohyal is a synapomorphy of siluroids. The parurohyal in siluroids is articulated with both ventral and dorsal hypohyals, and with the basibranchial region in catfishes sich as diplomystids and ictalurids, whereas it articulates only with the ventral hypohyals in other catfishes such as trichomycterines. The passage of the hypobranchial artery through the hypobranchial foramen of the parurohyal is a unique feature of siluroids, like the absence of the basihyal bone. An ossified dorsal hypohyal appears late in ontogeny in Amia, as do tooth plates related to the medial side of the hyoid arch and branchiostegal rays in Amia, and tooth plates on the hyoid arch and branchiostegal rays in Elops (unique features within extant teleosts). Two ossified hypohyals, a synapomorphy of teleosts, are present early in ontogeny. There is intraspecific variation in the onset of ossification of the bones of the head, but the sequence of ossification between bones in a defined structural system is conserved (e.g., branchiostegal rays ossify first, then bones of the hyoid arch).