Graphene: The Missing Piece for Cancer Diagnosis?
Graphene: The Missing Piece for Cancer Diagnosis?
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DOI：
10.3390/s16010137
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发表时间：
2016-01-21
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Marques PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cruz SM;Girão AF;Gonçalves G;Marques PA
本文综述了石墨烯生物传感器的最新进展，以获得更小，更便携的设备，更好的性能，早期癌症检测。事实上，石墨烯用于灵敏检测和化学/生物自由标记应用的潜力源于其特殊的物理化学性质，例如高电导率和热导率，纵横比，光学透明度以及显着的机械和化学稳定性。本文首先对石墨烯及其衍生物的类型进行了概述，简要描述了合成过程和主要性质。它遵循不同的路线来设计石墨烯表面，用于使用有机生物分子和纳米颗粒的传感应用，以开发先进的生物传感平台，能够检测/量化生物液体中或癌细胞表面上过表达的特征癌症生物分子，具有更高的灵敏度、选择性和稳定性。然后，我们描述了石墨烯在光学成像方法中的应用，如光致发光和拉曼成像，用于酶生物传感的电化学传感器，DNA传感和免疫传感。最后讨论了癌症生物标志物和细胞的生物定量，特别是电化学方法，如伏安法和安培法，由于其简单，高灵敏度和低成本，通常被采用的转导技术用于开发基于石墨烯的生物传感器。最后，我们讨论了基于石墨烯的生物传感器必须克服的主要挑战，以便通过提供有关患者疾病阶段的可靠信息来达到早期检测癌症生物标志物的必要标准。
This paper reviews recent advances in graphene-based biosensors development in order to obtain smaller and more portable devices with better performance for earlier cancer detection. In fact, the potential of Graphene for sensitive detection and chemical/biological free-label applications results from its exceptional physicochemical properties such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, aspect-ratio, optical transparency and remarkable mechanical and chemical stability. Herein we start by providing a general overview of the types of graphene and its derivatives, briefly describing the synthesis procedure and main properties. It follows the reference to different routes to engineer the graphene surface for sensing applications with organic biomolecules and nanoparticles for the development of advanced biosensing platforms able to detect/quantify the characteristic cancer biomolecules in biological fluids or overexpressed on cancerous cells surface with elevated sensitivity, selectivity and stability. We then describe the application of graphene in optical imaging methods such as photoluminescence and Raman imaging, electrochemical sensors for enzymatic biosensing, DNA sensing, and immunosensing. The bioquantification of cancer biomarkers and cells is finally discussed, particularly electrochemical methods such as voltammetry and amperometry which are generally adopted transducing techniques for the development of graphene based sensors for biosensing due to their simplicity, high sensitivity and low-cost. To close, we discuss the major challenges that graphene based biosensors must overcome in order to reach the necessary standards for the early detection of cancer biomarkers by providing reliable information about the patient disease stage.