Carnivorous sponges
Carnivorous sponges
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肉食性海绵
作者：
J. Vacelet;N. Boury
食物极度匮乏的环境，如深海，对生物体的摄食提出了特别的要求，导致在浅水沃茨发现的摄食策略发生变化。一般的规则是，巨噬细胞成为一个更好的战略比微噬悬浮液喂养1 -3。然而，在这些适应中，定义门的特征保持不变。我们在这里提出了一个明显独特的例子，一个根本不同的身体计划，来自一个预先存在的门，发生在深海海绵。我们表明，Cladorhizidae进化食肉和捕捉小甲壳类动物的细丝提供了提高钩状骨针。这种对食物贫乏的深海环境的适应，导致多孔动物门的特征丧失：含水系统和后囊细胞。
EXTREMELY food-poor environments, such as the deep sea, place extraordinary demands on organisms with respect to feeding, resulting in modifications of the feeding strategies found in shallow waters. A general rule is that macrophagy becomes a better strategy than microphagous suspension-feeding1–3. The characteristics by which phyla are defined, nonetheless, remain unchanged in these adaptations. We present here an apparently unique example of a fundamentally different body plan, derived from a pre-existing phylum, occurring in deep-sea sponges. We demonstrate that the Cladorhizidae have evolved carnivory and capture small crustaceans by means of filaments provided with raised hook-shaped spicules. This adaptation to a food-poor deep-sea environment has resulted in the loss of the diagnostic characteristics of the phylum Porifera: an aquiferous system and choanocytes.