Late Miocene rejuvenation of central Idaho landscape evolution: A case for surface processes driven by plume-lithosphere interaction

Late Miocene rejuvenation of central Idaho landscape evolution: A case for surface processes driven by plume-lithosphere interaction
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爱达荷州中部景观演化的晚中新世复兴:地表过程由羽流-岩石圈相互作用驱动的案例

DOI:
10.1130/l746.1
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
2.4
通讯作者:
Mittelstaedt, Eric
Mittelstaedt, Eric
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Larimer, Jeff E.;Yanites, Brian J.;Phillips, William;Mittelstaedt, Eric

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我们利用实地测量的侵蚀速率和地形分析,以限制景观复兴的时间和规模在美国中部爱达荷州的落基山脉西侧。清水河、鲑鱼河和蛇河的深切峡谷切割出大约8× 104平方公里的广阔区域。沿着萨蒙河,一个可观察到的坡折将低起伏(谷深< 400 m)的残遗景观与高起伏景观(谷深1200-1600 m)区分开来,并根据基准面强迫进行调整。河流沉积物中的10 Be宇宙成因放射性核素浓度记录了流域范围的侵蚀速率,在过去10 3-10 4年中,侵蚀速率从低起伏地形的0. 05 mm/年± 0. 008增加到调整高起伏景观的0. 12 mm/年± 0. 016,并且与长期侵蚀估计值一致。利用侵蚀速率和河道形态的协方差,我们校准了一个一维的河流切口模型,以约束切口沿着鲑鱼河的动态。超过105次模型运行探索了不确定性和假设,发现增加的切口开始于大约9.5±2 Ma,并持续到现在。新的限制侵蚀过程的分布在一个400公里的横断面横跨中部爱达荷州的位置建议向北的表面倾斜。根据这些数据,我们提供了一个新的假设,属性晚中新世景观复兴中部爱达荷州的表面隆起驱动的密度变化在地幔岩石圈沉淀的黄石羽。我们证明了这一假设,通过一个简单的模型的弹性板的弯曲受到一个埋藏的浮力负荷,我们发现,密度变化延伸200公里以北的蛇河平原可以重现南北分布的隆起与合理的弹性厚度和异常密度值。
We utilized field measurements of erosion rates and topographic analyses to constrain the timing and magnitude of landscape rejuvenation on the western flank of the Rocky Mountains in central Idaho, United States. Deeply incised canyons of the Clearwater, Salmon, and Snake Rivers dissect a broad region of roughly 8× 10 4 km 2. Along the Salmon River, an observable break in slope separates relict landscapes of low relief (< 400 m valley depth) from high-relief landscapes (1200–1600 m valley depth) adjusting to base-level forcing. The 10 Be cosmogenic radionuclide concentrations in river sediment record basinwide erosion rates that increase from 0.05 mm/yr±0.008 in the low-relief topography to 0.12 mm/yr±0.016 in the adjusting, high-relief landscapes over the last 10 3–10 4 yr and are consistent with longer-term estimates of erosion. Using the covariance of erosion rates and channel morphology, we calibrated a 1-dimensional river incision model to constrain the dynamics of incision along the Salmon River. More than 10 5 model runs explored uncertainty and assumptions and found that increased incision initiated roughly 9.5±2 Ma and persists to the present. New constraints on the distribution of erosion processes at locations within a 400 km transect across central Idaho suggest northward surface tilting. In light of these data, we offer a new hypothesis that attributes late Miocene landscape rejuvenation of central Idaho to surface uplift driven by density changes in the mantle-lithosphere precipitated by the Yellowstone plume. We demonstrated the hypothesis through a simple model of flexure of an elastic plate subject to a buried buoyant load, and we found that density changes extending 200 km north of the Snake River Plain can reproduce the south-north distribution of uplift with reasonable values for elastic thickness and anomalous density.
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