Minimal effects of wind turbines on the distribution of wintering farmland birds
Minimal effects of wind turbines on the distribution of wintering farmland birds
复制标题
风力涡轮机对越冬农田鸟类分布的影响最小
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Whittingham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Devereux;M. Denny;M. Whittingham
总结
1欧洲风力发电的能源产量正在迅速增加，以帮助应对全球变暖的威胁。例如，欧盟委员会制定了到2020年欧盟20%的能源来自可再生能源的目标。近几十年来，由于农业集约化，欧洲农田的生物多样性急剧下降。农业环境计划（AES）已在整个欧盟实施，至少在一定程度上是为了应对这些下降。大量涡轮机现在和将来都建在农田上。因此，农田上的风力涡轮机和 AES 之间存在潜在的冲突。
2多种机制可能导致风力涡轮机改变鸟类分布，包括噪音和物理结构。
3我们表明，涡轮机位置（控制边界位置和作物类型等其他影响）不会影响越冬农田鸟类（食籽鸟、鸦科鸟类、猎鸟和欧亚云雀）四种功能类群在距风力涡轮机 0-150 m 到 600-750 m 不同距离的分布。唯一分布与风力涡轮机的存在相关的物种是体型最大且最难操纵的物种（雉鸡）。
4在对涡轮机 0-75 m 和 75-150 m 处收集的数据进行进一步分析时，我们发现没有证据表明我们研究中的农田鸟类避开靠近风力涡轮机的区域。
5合成与应用。这是第一个证据表明，当前和未来欧洲农田上大量风力涡轮机的位置不太可能对农田鸟类（至少对于我们研究中包含的那些物种）产生有害影响。对于自然保护主义者、风能公司和政策制定者来说，这应该是一个受欢迎的消息。然而，我们的工作只是第一步，因为风力涡轮机可能对繁殖季节的鸟类分布产生潜在影响。
Summary
1Energy production from wind power is increasing rapidly in Europe to help combat the threats from global warming. For example, the European Commission have set a target for 20% of EU energy to come from renewable sources by 2020. In recent decades, biodiversity on European farmland has fallen dramatically due to agricultural intensification. Agri-environment schemes (AES) have been implemented across the EU, in part at least, to combat these declines. Significant numbers of turbines are, and will be, built on farmland. There is, therefore, a potential conflict between wind turbines and AES on farmland.
2Various mechanisms potentially cause wind turbines to alter bird distribution including noise and physical structure.
3We show that turbine location (controlling for other effects such as boundary location and crop type) did not affect the distribution of four functional groups of wintering farmland birds (seed-eaters, corvids, gamebirds and Eurasian skylarks) at differing distances from wind turbines ranging from 0–150 m to 600–750 m. The only species for which distribution was related to the presence of wind turbines was the largest and least manoeuvrable (common pheasant Phasianus colchicus L.).
4In a further analysis of data collected at 0–75 m and 75–150 m from turbines, we found no evidence to suggest that farmland birds in our study avoided areas close to wind turbines.
5Synthesis and applications. This is the first evidence suggesting that the present and future location of large numbers of wind turbines on European farmland is unlikely to have detrimental effects on farmland birds (at least for those species included in our study). This should be welcome news for nature conservationists, wind energy companies and policy-makers. However, our work is only a first step, as there may be potential influences of wind turbines on bird distribution during the breeding season.