G-quadruplexes and their regulatory roles in biology.
G-quadruplexes and their regulatory roles in biology.
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DOI：
10.1093/nar/gkv862
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发表时间：
2015-10-15
影响因子：
14.9
通讯作者：
Lipps HJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rhodes D;Lipps HJ
“如果 G-四链体在体外如此容易形成，那么大自然就会找到一种在体内使用它们的方法”（30 多年前 Aaron Klug 的声明）。在过去的十年中，被称为 G-四链体（或 G4）的四链螺旋结构已经从体外观察到的结构好奇，转变为被认为是一种可能的基于核酸的机制，用于调节体内多种生物过程。许多基因组的测序表明，它们富含有可能形成 G-四链体的序列基序，并且它们的位置是非随机的，与功能上重要的基因组区域相关。在这篇简短的综述中，我们总结了 DNA 和 RNA G 四链体在各种细胞途径（包括 DNA 复制、基因表达和端粒维持）中体内存在和功能的最新证据。我们还强调了未来必须解决的剩余悬而未决的问题。
‘If G-quadruplexes form so readily in vitro, Nature will have found a way of using them in vivo’ (Statement by Aaron Klug over 30 years ago). During the last decade, four-stranded helical structures called G-quadruplex (or G4) have emerged from being a structural curiosity observed in vitro, to being recognized as a possible nucleic acid based mechanism for regulating multiple biological processes in vivo. The sequencing of many genomes has revealed that they are rich in sequence motifs that have the potential to form G-quadruplexes and that their location is non-random, correlating with functionally important genomic regions. In this short review, we summarize recent evidence for the in vivo presence and function of DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes in various cellular pathways including DNA replication, gene expression and telomere maintenance. We also highlight remaining open questions that will have to be addressed in the future.