Fasting and Caloric Restriction in Cancer Prevention and Treatment.
Fasting and Caloric Restriction in Cancer Prevention and Treatment.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-42118-6_12
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Longo VD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brandhorst S;Longo VD
癌症是美国的第二大死因，也是世界上主要的主要疾病之一。由于老龄化人口的增长和肥胖、吸烟和/或不良饮食习惯等危险因素的流行，预计这一数字将继续增加。在过去30多年中，癌症治疗保持相对相似，化疗和/或放射治疗结合手术仍然是标准治疗方法，尽管新的治疗方法正在慢慢取代或补充标准治疗方法。根据美国癌症协会的说法，接受化疗的癌症患者的饮食建议是增加卡路里和蛋白质的摄入量。此外，对于可能对癌症发病率产生重大影响的营养类型，目前还没有明确的指导方针。然而，减少卡路里摄入量的各种形式，如限制卡路里(CR)或禁食，显示了广泛的有益效果，能够帮助预防恶性肿瘤和提高癌症治疗的有效性。虽然慢性CR既有有益的也有有害的影响，也有重大的遵从性挑战，但周期性禁食(PF)、模拟禁食的饮食(FMD)和不减少卡路里的饮食限制(DR)正在成为有可能被广泛用于预防和治疗癌症的干预措施。在这里，我们回顾了关于饮食限制和禁食的临床前和初步临床研究，以及它们在诱导细胞保护和化疗耐药中的作用。
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the USA and among the leading major diseases in the world. It is anticipated to continue to increase because of the growth of the aging population and prevalence of risk factors such as obesity, smoking, and/or poor dietary habits. Cancer treatment has remained relatively similar during the past 30 years with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in combination with surgery remaining the standard therapies although novel therapies are slowly replacing or complementing the standard ones. According to the American Cancer Society, the dietary recommendation for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy is to increase calorie and protein intake. In addition, there are no clear guidelines on the type of nutrition that could have a major impact on cancer incidence. Yet, various forms of reduced caloric intake such as calorie restriction (CR) or fasting demonstrate a wide range of beneficial effects able to help prevent malignancies and increase the efficacy of cancer therapies. Whereas chronic CR provides both beneficial and detrimental effects as well as major compliance challenges, periodic fasting (PF), fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs), and dietary restriction (DR) without a reduction in calories are emerging as interventions with the potential to be widely used to prevent and treat cancer. Here, we review preclinical and preliminary clinical studies on dietary restriction and fasting and their role in inducing cellular protection and chemotherapy resistance.