Autotracking of faults on 3D seismic data
Autotracking of faults on 3D seismic data
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DOI：
10.1190/1.2358399
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发表时间：
2006-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
F. Admasu;S. Back;K. Toennies
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Admasu;S. Back;K. Toennies
三维地震解释中的人工断层成图是一项费时费力的工作。复杂的断层几何形状和靠近断层的地震信号的失真使断层测绘过程的完全自动化复杂化。我们提出了一个半自动断层跟踪方法，三维地震数据，包括故障突出，然后基于模型的故障跟踪。故障突出使用log-Gabor滤波器，用于在存在噪声的情况下强调故障处的定向幅度不连续性。随后的断层跟踪将活动轮廓拟合到突出显示的断层体素。活动轮廓搜索连接的平滑曲线，该曲线拟合数据并消除误导或丢失的信息。断层跟踪器要求解释人员将活动轮廓放置在一个初始地震测线（2D拾取）上靠近断层的位置。活动轮廓变形到最接近的幅度不连续性突出显示。然后将该跟踪结果向前投影到下一个内联，从而在该区段上提供初始断层拾取，该初始断层拾取再次由活动轮廓优化。在一系列连续地震剖面上的追踪结果，最终构成一个三维断层面。用户交互仅需要在第一个线路上进行近似故障拾取，并且在故障线路由于信号不足而丢失的情况下。自动跟踪器原型的使用提供了用于恒定倾角的完整3D断层表面的映射的快速解决方案，并且如果断层表面是弯曲的（即，listric）。该方法被应用到一系列高质量的反射率截面提取的三维地震体从浅海尼日利亚，与跟踪结果（在几秒钟内生成）比较以及与人工解释的断层面。
Manual fault mapping in 3D seismic interpretation is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Complex fault geometries and the distortion of the seismic signal close to faults complicate full automation of the fault-mapping process. We present a semiautomatic fault-tracking method for 3D seismic data that consists of fault highlighting followed by model-based fault tracking. Fault highlighting uses log-Gabor filters for emphasizing oriented amplitude discontinuities at faults in the presence of noise. Subsequent fault tracking fits an active contour to the highlighted fault voxels. The active contour searches for a connected, smooth curve which fits the data and disambiguates misleading or missing information. The fault tracker requires the interpreter to place the active contour close to a fault on one initial seismic inline (2D pick). The active contour deforms to the closest amplitude dis-continuity highlighted. This tracking result is then projected forward to the next inline, providing an initial fault pick on this section that is again optimized by the active contour. Tracking results on a series of successive seismic sections, finally, constitute a 3D fault surface. User interaction is solely required for an approximate fault pick on the first inline, and in cases where the fault line is lost due to insufficient signal. Use of the autotracker prototype provides a fast solution for the mapping of complete 3D fault surfaces of constant dip, and for the automated tracking of fault portions within distinct dip domains, if fault surfaces are curved (i.e., listric). The method was applied to a series of high-quality reflectivity sections extracted from a 3D seismic volume from shallow-offshore Nigeria, with the tracking results (generated within seconds) comparing well with manually interpreted fault surfaces.