Mobile Source and Livestock Feed Contributions to Regional Ozone Formation in Central California
Mobile Source and Livestock Feed Contributions to Regional Ozone Formation in Central California
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DOI：
10.1021/es203369p
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发表时间：
2012-03-06
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Kleeman, Michael J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Jianlin;Howard, Cody J.;Kleeman, Michael J.
采用水平分辨率为8 km的三维空气质量模式，估算了2000、2005、2010、2015和2020年加州圣华金河谷（SJV）移动的源和发酵牲畜饲料产生的夏季臭氧（O-3）。以前的研究估计，当在整个SJV中平均时，挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的动物饲料排放比移动源VOC排放具有更大的O-3形成潜力。在目前的研究中，较高的空间分辨率表明，接近氮氧化物（NOx）和挥发性有机化合物排放的移动的来源，提高其O-3形成的潜力。牲畜饲料挥发性有机化合物排放贡献了3-4 ppb的峰值O-3（8小时平均值）在图拉雷县和1-2 ppb的整个其余的SJV在CCOS 2000年7月至8月的插曲。总的来说，牲畜饲料的贡献类似于3.5吨的地面水平峰值O-3（8小时平均）在SJV地区，和移动的挥发性有机化合物贡献类似于12吨在这一事件。随着时间的推移，来自移动的来源的O-3产量正在下降，以响应要求使用更清洁的燃料和具有先进排放控制的发动机的排放控制计划。预测到2020年，移动源VOC排放量预计将产生类似于3吨的地面峰值O-3（8小时平均值），牲畜饲料VOC排放量预计将贡献类似于2.5吨，使这些来源几乎相等。
A three-dimensional air quality model with 8 km horizontal resolution was applied to estimate the summertime ozone (O-3) production from mobile sources and fermented livestock feed in California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) during years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. Previous studies have estimated that animal feed emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have greater O-3 formation potential than mobile-source VOC emissions when averaging across the entire SJV. The higher spatial resolution in the current study shows that the proximity of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and VOC emissions from mobile sources enhances their O-3 formation potential. Livestock feed VOC emissions contributed 3-4 ppb of peak O-3 (8-h average) in Tulare County and 1-2 ppb throughout the remainder of the SJV during the CCOS 2000 July-August episode. In total, livestock feed contributed similar to 3.5 tons of the ground level peak O-3 (8 h average) in the SJV region, and mobile VOC contributed similar to 12 tons in this episode. O-3 production from mobile sources is declining over time in response to emissions control plans that call for cleaner fuels and engines with advanced emissions controls. Projecting forward to the year 2020, mobile-source VOC emissions are predicted to produce similar to 3 tons of the ground level peak O-3 (8-h average) and livestock feed VOC emissions are predicted to contribute similar to 2.5 tons making these sources nearly equivalent.