Evaluation of eco-efficiency in China from 1978 to 2016: Based on a modified ecological footprint model
Evaluation of eco-efficiency in China from 1978 to 2016: Based on a modified ecological footprint model
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.225
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发表时间：
2019-04-20
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Yang, Yuantao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang, Lin;Yang, Yuantao
生态效率已成为衡量可持续发展的重要指标，强调包括基本需求，经济增长，资源节约和环境保护在内的多重红利。本文首先对传统的生态足迹模型进行修正，通过修正等价因子和丰富账户类型来估算中国的生态压力。然后，基于修正的生态足迹模型，从生物需求、资源消耗和环境污染三个方面对中国自改革开放以来的生态效率进行了评价。最后，探讨了资源消耗、污染排放与经济增长的脱钩状况。结果表明：（1）中国人均生态足迹从1978年的1.83公顷增加到2016年的6.98公顷，其中能源生态足迹增长显著，占2016年人均生态足迹的比重最大，其次是空气污染和淡水;（2）中国总生态效率从1978年的210元/ha增长到2016年的1235元/ha，其中生物效率表现最好，从1978年的264元/ha开始，到2016年的年增长率为7.9%，资源效率在2002-2005年期间大致呈现上升后下降的趋势，环境效率呈现“U”型曲线;（3）资源消耗、污染排放与经济增长在经历了大幅波动后，“弱脱钩”是目前的主要特征。此外，对生态友好型社会的影响。(C)2019 Elsevier B. V.版权所有。
Eco-efficiency has become an important indicator for measuring sustainable development that emphasizes multiple dividends including basic needs, economic growth, resource conservation, and environmental protection. In this paper, we firstly modify the traditional ecological footprint (EF) model through amending the equivalence factors and enriching the account types to estimate the ecological pressure in China. Then, we evaluate the annual eco-efficiency of China based on the modified EF model from the perspectives of biological needs, resource consumption, and environmental pollution from the reform and opening-up until recently. Finally, the decoupling status between resource consumption, pollution emissions and economic growth is explored. The results indicated that: (1) The per capita EF of China increased from 1.83 hectares (ha) in 1978 to 6.98 ha in 2016, in which EF of energy experienced a significant increase and accounted for the largest proportion of total per capita EF in 2016, followed by air pollution and freshwater; (2) the total eco-efficiency in China increased from 210 yuan/ha in 1978 to 1235 yuan/ha in 2016, in which biological efficiency performed the best starting from 264 yuan/ha in 1978 with an annual growth rate of 7.9% to 2016, resource efficiency roughly presented an upward tendency with a decline during 2002-2005, and environmental efficiency pictured a U-shaped curve; (3) "weak decoupling" between resource consumption, pollution emissions and economic growth is the main characteristic at present after undergoing through large fluctuation. Furthermore, implications towards an ecofriendly society are provided. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.