Mutation and recombination in pathogen evolution: Relevance, methods and controversies
Mutation and recombination in pathogen evolution: Relevance, methods and controversies
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DOI：
10.1016/j.meegid.2017.09.029
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Perez-Losada, Marcos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arenas, Miguel;Araujo, Natalia M.;Perez-Losada, Marcos
突变和重组通过产生选择所依据的遗传变异来驱动大多数病原体的进化。例如，这些变异可以产生对宿主免疫系统和药物治疗的抵抗力，或者导致疫情暴发。鉴于它们的重要性，不同的进化研究已经调查了病原体种群中突变和重组的丰度和后果。然而，关于每种进化力量对特定表型观察(例如，耐药性)的发展的贡献，仍存在一些争议。在这项研究中，我们修订了突变和重组在宿主内和宿主间水平上的病原体进化中的重要性。我们还描述了最先进的分析方法来检测和量化这两种进化力量，包括在进化研究中经常被忽视的偏见。最后，我们介绍了我们以前的一些涉及致病类群的研究，其中突变和重组在致病适合度的恢复、种间遗传多样性的产生或集中式疫苗的设计中发挥了关键作用。这篇综述还说明了在突变和重组结果的分析和评估和解释中的几个常见的争议和陷阱。
Mutation and recombination drive the evolution of most pathogens by generating the genetic variants upon which selection operates. Those variants can, for example, confer resistance to host immune systems and drug therapies or lead to epidemic outbreaks. Given their importance, diverse evolutionary studies have investigated the abundance and consequences of mutation and recombination in pathogen populations. However, some controversies persist regarding the contribution of each evolutionary force to the development of particular phenotypic observations (e.g., drug resistance). In this study, we revise the importance of mutation and recombination in the evolution of pathogens at both intra-host and inter-host levels. We also describe state-of-theart analytical methodologies to detect and quantify these two evolutionary forces, including biases that are often ignored in evolutionary studies. Finally, we present some of our former studies involving pathogenic taxa where mutation and recombination played crucial roles in the recovery of pathogenic fitness, the generation of interspecific genetic diversity, or the design of centralized vaccines. This review also illustrates several common controversies and pitfalls in the analysis and in the evaluation and interpretation of mutation and recombination outcomes.