Detecting and explaining why aquifers occasionally become degraded near hydraulically fractured shale gas wells
Detecting and explaining why aquifers occasionally become degraded near hydraulically fractured shale gas wells
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检测并解释水力压裂页岩气井附近含水层偶尔会退化的原因
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1809013115
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Brantley, Susan L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Woda, Josh;Wen, Tao;Oakley, David;Yoxtheimer, David;Engelder, Terry;Castro, M. Clara;Brantley, Susan L.
页岩气的大规模开发引起了一些对环境影响的担忧，例如天然气迁移到水资源中。我们研究了马塞勒斯页岩气威尔斯井附近的沃茨中的高气体浓度，以确定地质解释和地球化学含义。当地的地质可以解释为什么甲烷已经排放了7年到地下水，河流和大气中。在马塞勒斯页岩明显倾斜、较浅（约101 km）且裂缝较多的位置，天然气可能容易在气井威尔斯附近迁移。与该地区报告的钻井前浓度相比，天然气开发后当地威尔斯水井中的甲烷和乙烷浓度增加。稀有气体和同位素证据与马塞勒斯组的气体以游离气相向上运移相一致。这种向上流动导致表面附近的微生物介导的氧化。铁浓度也随着生活用水威尔斯井中天然气浓度的增加而增加。几个月后，铁和SO 42 −的浓度都下降了。这些观测结果归因于与甲烷浓度新升高相关的铁和SO 42 −减少。这些时间趋势，以及来自其他报告泄漏地区的数据，记录了一种区分新迁移的甲烷和先前存在的天然气来源的方法。因此，这项研究记录了地质风险区域以及铁和SO 42-的地球化学特征，这些特征可以区分新泄漏的甲烷和含水层中较老的甲烷来源。
Extensive development of shale gas has generated some concerns about environmental impacts such as the migration of natural gas into water resources. We studied high gas concentrations in waters at a site near Marcellus Shale gas wells to determine the geological explanations and geochemical implications. The local geology may explain why methane has discharged for 7 years into groundwater, a stream, and the atmosphere. Gas may migrate easily near the gas wells in this location where the Marcellus Shale dips significantly, is shallow (∼1 km), and is more fractured. Methane and ethane concentrations in local water wells increased after gas development compared with predrilling concentrations reported in the region. Noble gas and isotopic evidence are consistent with the upward migration of gas from the Marcellus Formation in a free-gas phase. This upflow results in microbially mediated oxidation near the surface. Iron concentrations also increased following the increase of natural gas concentrations in domestic water wells. After several months, both iron and SO42−concentrations dropped. These observations are attributed to iron and SO42−reduction associated with newly elevated concentrations of methane. These temporal trends, as well as data from other areas with reported leaks, document a way to distinguish newly migrated methane from preexisting sources of gas. This study thus documents both geologically risky areas and geochemical signatures of iron and SO42−that could distinguish newly leaked methane from older methane sources in aquifers.
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科学家与非科学家团队探索石油/天然气开发附近溪流中的甲烷来源
DOI：
10.1111/j.1936-704x.2018.03286.x
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
0.7
作者：
Wendt, Anna K.;Sowers, Todd;Hynek, Scott;Lemon, Jacob;Beddings, Erika;Zheng, Guanjie;Li, Zhenhui;Williams, Jennifer Z.;Brantley, Susan L.
通讯作者：
Brantley, Susan L.
宾夕法尼亚州莱康明县 Sugar Run 地下水排放中的甲烷浓度和负荷估算
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
V. Heilweil;D. Risser;Randall W. Conger;P. Grieve;S. Hynek
通讯作者：
S. Hynek
不同采样方法对地下水样品中测得的甲烷浓度的影响
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
L. Molofsky;S. Richardson;A. Gorody;F. Baldassare;June A. Black;Thomas E. McHugh;J. Connor
通讯作者：
J. Connor
2014 年宾夕法尼亚州莱康明县 75 口生活井的地下水质量
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
E. Gross;C. Cravotta
通讯作者：
C. Cravotta
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Grieve, P. L.;Hynek, S. A.;Brantley, S. L.
通讯作者：
Brantley, S. L.