An overview of bearing voltages and currents in rail transportation traction motors
An overview of bearing voltages and currents in rail transportation traction motors
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DOI：
10.1631/jzus.a2200180
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发表时间：
2023-03
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Yao Li;Lin Qiu;Yongjian Zhi;Zihang Gao;Jien Ma;Jian Zhang;Youtong Fang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yao Li;Lin Qiu;Yongjian Zhi;Zihang Gao;Jien Ma;Jian Zhang;Youtong Fang
In modern rail transportation, inverter drive systems have been extensively used due to their excellent speed control capabilities. However, in recent years, premature failure problems caused by bearing voltage and current phenomena have been frequently reported in electric motors, with electrical bearing failures making up a considerable percentage. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of facets relating to the electrical erosion of bearings in an electrical environment represented by railway vehicles. First, the origins of the phenomenon as well as typical bearing electrical failure modes are discussed. Next, we introduce the distinctive features of the electrical environment of railway traction motor bearings, including output voltages with high common-mode components and systems with complex grounding configurations. Then, we classify the fundamental mechanisms for generating bearing voltages/currents into four groups, and present their modeling processes, including equivalent circuit establishment and parameter determination methods. Furthermore, we summarize the strategies frequently used to protect bearings, and describe a typical solution to suppress electrical bearing failures in railway vehicles. Finally, we present a case example to illustrate a research procedure for systematic investigation of inverter-induced bearing currents in rail transportation. 目的 脉冲宽度调制（PWM）变频驱动使轨道交通牵引电机获得了良好的运行性能,但由于输出电压存在共模分量,导致了轴承电压和轴承电流的产生,进而引起轴承早期失效。本文旨在回顾轴承电压根源、轴承电蚀失效模式、轴承电流形成机理、轴承电流共模等效电路、耦合回路阻抗提取和抑制对策等方面的研究现状,并重点围绕轨道交通牵引系统电机及负载接地状况对轴承电压的影响展开全面研究。 创新点 1. 总结PWM变频系统轴承电流分析与建模方法和抑制对策与效果;2. 分析轨道交通牵引系统电机接地配置对轴承电压的影响,并通过共模等效电路模型成功模拟了不同转速下的轴承电压波形,验证了采用接地环和调整系统接地阻抗可以降低轴承电压。 方法 1. 通过文献搜索和调研,总结PWM变频系统轴承电流的研究方法和思路;2. 结合实际轨道交通牵引电机系统接地状况,得到共模等效电路模型和提取回路阻抗参数,并通过仿真模拟与实际测量轴承电压波形,验证模型的正确性;3. 通过实际测量,验证接地环和调整系统接地阻抗是否可以降低轴承电压。 结论 1. 轨道交通牵引系统电机轴承电压与定转子接地阻抗有关,可产生转轴接地型轴承电流;2. 通过转轴侧接地共模等效电路,可以模拟不同转速下的轴承电压波形;3. 通过适当调整系统保护接地回路,降低电机定子侧接地阻抗,可以实现降低轴承电压的目标。