Intercontinental trans-boundary contributions to ozone-induced crop yield losses in the Northern Hemisphere
Intercontinental trans-boundary contributions to ozone-induced crop yield losses in the Northern Hemisphere
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DOI：
10.5194/bg-9-271-2012
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Emberson, L. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hollaway, M. J.;Arnold, S. R.;Emberson, L. D.
使用全球大气化学模型，我们已经量化了第一次，洲际跨境贡献作物臭氧暴露和随后的产量减少在北方半球。我们应用四个指标（AOT 40，M7，M12，W126）来评估北美，东南亚和欧洲人为氮氧化物排放量减少100%对全球和区域6种主要农作物类型暴露于地表臭氧的影响，以及2000年生长季节期间由此造成的作物产量损失。使用这些指标，模型计算表明，对于小麦、水稻、棉花和马铃薯，东南亚人为氮氧化物排放量减少100%往往会使作物生产损失减少最多（42.3-95.2%），北美人为氮氧化物排放量减少100%，对玉米和大豆作物产量损失的全球影响最大（59.2-85.9%）。北美人为氮氧化物排放量减少100%产生最大的跨界影响，导致欧洲生产损失减少14.2%至63.2%。欧洲的氮氧化物排放往往产生较小的跨界影响，由于从欧洲域的运输效率低下。AOT 40臭氧暴露度量的阈值性质导致非本地排放对本地臭氧浓度分布的影响具有很强的依赖性。我们对减排情景下绝对作物产量变化的计算在所使用的指标之间存在差异，但我们发现每个地区跨界影响的相对重要性在指标之间仍然很强。我们的研究结果表明，当地的空气质量和排放控制策略有可能部分减轻臭氧引起的作物产量损失在大陆下游，除了有效地减轻当地臭氧引起的生产损失。
Using a global atmospheric chemistry model, we have quantified for the first time, intercontinental transboundary contributions to crop ozone exposure and subsequent yield reductions in the Northern Hemisphere. We apply four metrics (AOT40, M7, M12, W126) to assess the impacts of 100% reductions in anthropogenic NOx emissions from North (N) America, South East (SE) Asia and Europe on global and regional exposure of 6 major agricultural crop types to surface ozone, and resultant crop production losses during the year 2000 growing season. Using these metrics, model calculations show that for wheat, rice, cotton and potato, 100% reductions in SE Asian anthropogenic NOx emissions tend to produce the greatest global reduction in crop production losses (42.3-95.2%), and a 100% reduction to N American anthropogenic NOx emissions results in the greatest global impact on crop production losses for maize and soybean (59.2-85.9%). A 100% reduction in N American anthropogenic NOx emissions produces the largest transboundary impact, resulting in European production loss reductions of between 14.2% and 63.2%. European NOx emissions tend to produce a smaller transboundary impact, due to inefficiency of transport from the European domain. The threshold nature of the AOT40 ozone-exposure metric results in strong dependence of non-local emissions impacts on the local ozone concentration distribution. Our calculations of absolute crop production change under emission reduction scenarios differ between the metrics used, however we find the relative importance of each region's transboundary impact remains robust between metrics. Our results demonstrate that local air quality and emission control strategies have the potential to partly alleviate ozone-induced crop yield loss in continents downstream, in addition to effectively mitigating local ozone-induced production losses.