A New Subspecies of Golden Langur (Trachypithecus geei) from Bhutan
A New Subspecies of Golden Langur (Trachypithecus geei) from Bhutan
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不丹金叶猴（Trachypithecus geei）新亚种
DOI：
10.1159/000070007
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
M. Hare
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Wangchuk;D. Inouye;M. Hare
生态学，形态学和系统发育的一致性支持的认识，一个新的亚种的金叶猴（Tracypithecus geei）从不丹。自1994年以来的广泛调查表明，不丹的金叶猴从南部的亚热带森林到北部的温带和亚高山森林都有[Wangchuk，1995; Wangchuk等人，2001年]。物种分布范围的巨大变化，从南部的几乎海平面到北部的3 000米以上，创造了丰富的生态位，它可以以独特的方式适应。南北之间一个明显的生态分离是印度板块的主锋面冲断层（MFT）撞击喜马拉雅山造成的突然上升[Bhargava，1997]。MFT以南的海拔范围为40至900米，而MFT以北的海拔范围为1，000至7，000米以上（图1）。MFT以南的平均降雨量为5，000毫米，而北部的平均降雨量为1，000毫米。因此，山麓的植被属于亚热带，而北部则属于温带高山植被[Grierson and Long，1984]。调查还表明，不丹的三种疣猴分别为：细颈长尾猴（Semnopithecus entellus）、细颈长尾猴（T. geei和Tracypithecus pileatus分布在不同的地域，被河流和山脉隔开（图1）。S. MFT以北的entellus最接近于喜马拉雅叶猴S。e. achilles [Pocock，1928]，而在山麓的亚种类似于S. e. Hector [Pocock，1928]的描述和分类，然后是纳皮耶[1985]的描述和分类。纳皮耶对尼泊尔叶猴的分类如下：S. e.阿基里斯是“来自高海拔地区的深棕色叶猴”，而S. e.赫克托耳是”小山上的小灰叶猴“在那加兰的同域冠叶猴也显示出类似的海拔变化，”黄腹叶猴在5,000英尺（1,500米）处被发现，红腹叶猴在2,000英尺（600米）及以下被发现“[Pocock，1939年，引自纳皮耶，1985年]。
Ecological, morphological, and phylogenetic concordance support the recognition of a new sub-species of golden langur (Trachypithecus geei) from Bhutan. Extensive surveys since 1994 show that golden langurs in Bhutan occur from subtropical forests in the south to temperate and sub-alpine forests in the north [Wangchuk, 1995; Wangchuk et al., 2001]. The great variation in the species ‘range, from almost sea level in the south to above 3,000 m in the north, creates an abundance of ecological niches to which it can adapt in unique ways. A distinct ecological separation between north and south is the sudden uprise created by the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) of the Indian plate hitting into the Himalayas [Bhargava, 1997]. Elevation south of the MFT ranges from 40 to 900 m, while north of the MFT elevation ranges from 1,000 to over 7,000 m (fig. 1). Rainfall south of the MFT averages 5,000 mm while to the north average rainfall is 1,000 mm. Vegetation in the foothills is consequently subtropical while to the north it is temperate and alpine [Grierson and Long, 1984]. The surveys also showed that the three colobine species in Bhutan Semnopithecus entellus, T. geei, and Trachypithecus pileatus are allopatrically distributed, separated by rivers and mountain ranges (fig. 1). The subspecies of S. entellus north of the MFT most closely resembles the Himalayan langur S. e. achilles [Pocock, 1928], while in the foothills the subspecies resembles S. e. hector [Pocock, 1928] following the description and classification of Napier [1985]. Napier distinguishes the Nepalese races of langurs as follows: S. e. achilles as” darker browner langurs from the higher altitudes ‘and S. e. hector as” smaller paler grayer langurs of the lesser hills.‘Sympatric capped langurs in Nagaland reveal a similar elevational variation, where” the yellow-bellied Presbytis p. pileata is found at 5,000 ft (1,500 m) and the red-bellied Presbytis p. durga at 2,000 ft (600 m) and below ‘[Pocock, 1939 cited in Napier, 1985].