Nuclear fission: a review of experimental advances and phenomenology
Nuclear fission: a review of experimental advances and phenomenology
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DOI：
10.1088/1361-6633/aa82eb
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
18.1
通讯作者：
A. Andreyev;A. Andreyev;K. Nishio;Karl-Heinz Schmidt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Andreyev;A. Andreyev;K. Nishio;Karl-Heinz Schmidt
在过去的二十年里，通过技术，实验和理论的进步，在实验裂变研究的情况发生了巨大变化。随着先进的生产和检测技术的使用，现在可以获得更详细和更精确的信息，为传统的裂变研究领域，至关重要的是，新的核区域已成为常规裂变研究。这项工作首先回顾了实验裂变技术的最新发展，特别是与轻和重离子的转移诱导裂变反应的复苏，新出现的使用逆运动学方法，无论是在库仑和相对论能量，和裂变研究与放射性束。在这项工作中，重点将放在裂变碎片的质量和电荷分布上，但也将审查其他一些裂变观测值，如瞬发中子和γ射线发射。特别注意的是，在非常缺中子的铅区中，迄今为止几乎没有探索过的原子核中的低能裂变。它们最近成为几个补充实验研究的焦点，例如ISOLDE（CERN）的放射性束的β延迟裂变，FRS（GSI）的相对论次级束的耦合诱导裂变，以及几个瞬发聚变裂变研究。这些方法的协同作用，使一个独特的洞察力，在新的区域不对称裂变180汞，最近发现在ISOLDE。还将概述该地区最近广泛的理论努力。此外，还将审查FRS（GSI）和VAMOS（GANIL）通过逆运动学反应在Z和A中完全确定的裂变碎片的前所未有的高质量数据。这些实验探索了一个扩展范围的汞到caliborium元素，从缺中子到富中子的核素，并涵盖了不对称，对称和过渡裂变区域。本文还讨论了重离子诱发的聚变-裂变和准裂变反应，揭示了它们的动力学特征，如裂变时间尺度。多机会裂变的关键作用，探测通过多核子转移诱导裂变反应，将突出显示。最后，审查将讨论新的实验裂变设施，目前正在投入运行，沿着有前途的“下一代”裂变方法，这可能成为在未来十年内可用。
In the last two decades, through technological, experimental and theoretical advances, the situation in experimental fission studies has changed dramatically. With the use of advanced production and detection techniques both much more detailed and precise information can now be obtained for the traditional regions of fission research and, crucially, new regions of nuclei have become routinely accessible for fission studies. This work first of all reviews the recent developments in experimental fission techniques, in particular the resurgence of transfer-induced fission reactions with light and heavy ions, the emerging use of inverse-kinematic approaches, both at Coulomb and relativistic energies, and of fission studies with radioactive beams. The emphasis on the fission-fragment mass and charge distributions will be made in this work, though some of the other fission observables, such as prompt neutron and γ-ray emission will also be reviewed. A particular attention will be given to the low-energy fission in the so far scarcely explored nuclei in the very neutron-deficient lead region. They recently became the focus for several complementary experimental studies, such as β-delayed fission with radioactive beams at ISOLDE(CERN), Coulex-induced fission of relativistic secondary beams at FRS(GSI), and several prompt fusion–fission studies. The synergy of these approaches allows a unique insight in the new region of asymmetric fission around 180Hg, recently discovered at ISOLDE. Recent extensive theoretical efforts in this region will also be outlined. The unprecedented high-quality data for fission fragments, completely identified in Z and A, by means of reactions in inverse kinematics at FRS(GSI) and VAMOS(GANIL) will be also reviewed. These experiments explored an extended range of mercury-to-californium elements, spanning from the neutron-deficient to neutron-rich nuclides, and covering both asymmetric, symmetric and transitional fission regions. Some aspects of heavy-ion induced fusion–fission and quasifission reactions will be also discussed, which reveal their dynamical features, such as the fission time scale. The crucial role of the multi-chance fission, probed by means of multinucleon-transfer induced fission reactions, will be highlighted. The review will conclude with the discussion of the new experimental fission facilities which are presently being brought into operation, along with promising ‘next-generation’ fission approaches, which might become available within the next decade.