High-precision Location of North Korea's 2009 Nuclear Test
High-precision Location of North Korea's 2009 Nuclear Test
复制标题
DOI：
10.1785/gssrl.81.1.26
复制
发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
L. Wen;H. Long
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Wen;H. Long
2009年5月25日，朝鲜民主主义人民共和国（北朝鲜）宣布进行了第二次核试验，但没有提供确切的时间、地点和当量。同日，美国地质调查局报告在北朝鲜的一个地震区探测到4.7级地震（http：//earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2009hbaf.php;另存档副本见http：//naphysics.geo.sunysb.edu/wen/NK/usgs\_north\_korea\_2009\_test.webarchive）。地球仪在全球各地的地震台站记录到的地震波形特征显示出爆炸的特征。然而，测试的确切地点仍然难以捉摸。地下核爆炸的地震监测依赖于地球仪记录的地震观测。由于地震观测受从震源到地震仪的波传播路径上的地震特性的沿着影响，因此确定事件位置和时间的准确性取决于我们对地球内部地震特性的了解程度。准确确定北朝鲜核试验地点的挑战在于，由于该地区缺乏地震台站和地震活动，对地震结构的了解不够详细，无法很好地校准其影响。例如，美国地质勘探局报告的2009年地震位置的水平不确定性约为±3.8 km（http：//earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2009hbaf.php）。虽然我们对该地区地震结构的了解不太可能很快得到改善，但在这项研究中，我们展示了一种策略，即使用朝鲜2006年核试验记录的法医证据来确定2009年试验的位置，并提出了我们对2009年试验位置的确定。2006年核试验记录的科学证据朝鲜2006年核试验的可能地点由卫星图像确定（http：//cryptome.org/eyeball/dprk-test/dprktest.htm;另一份存档副本见http：//cryptome.geo.sunysb.edu/wen/NK/eyeball.webarchive）（表1）。高品质的...
On 25 May 2009, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) announced that it had conducted a second nuclear test, without providing information of exact time, location, and yield. On that day, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) reported detecting a magnitude 4.7 seismic tremor in an aseismic region in North Korea (http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2009hbaf.php; also archived copy at http://geophysics.geo.sunysb.edu/wen/NK/usgs\_north\_korea\_2009\_test.webarchive). The seismic waveform features recorded at the seismic stations around the globe for the event exhibit characteristics of an explosion. However, the exact location of the test remains elusive. Seismic monitoring of underground nuclear explosions relies on seismic observations recorded by seismometers around the globe. Because seismic observations are influenced by the seismic properties along the paths of the wave propagation from the source to the seismometers, the accuracy of determination of an event location and time depends on the degree of our knowledge of the seismic properties in the interior of the Earth. The challenge in accurately determining the location of North Korea's nuclear tests stems from the fact that, due to the lack of seismic stations and seismicity in the region, the seismic structure is not known in enough detail that its influence can be well calibrated. For example, the horizontal uncertainty of the 2009 event location reported by the USGS is about ±3.8 km (http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2009hbaf.php). While our knowledge of the seismic structure in the region is unlikely to improve soon, in this study we demonstrate a strategy that uses the forensic evidence registered by North Korea's 2006 nuclear test to determine the location of the 2009 test in high precision, and we present our determination of the location of the 2009 test. ### Scientific Evidence Registered by the 2006 Test The possible location of North Korea's 2006 test is identified by satellite images (http://cryptome.org/eyeball/dprk-test/dprktest.htm; also an archived copy at http://geophysics.geo.sunysb.edu/wen/NK/eyeball.webarchive) (Table 1). High-quality …